of America. Other notable summits are Mt. Pitt (9760), Mt.
Scott (9122), Diamond Peak (8807), Mt. Thielsen (9250), Mt. Jefferson
(10,200) and Mt. Hood (11,225), in Oregon; and Stuart (9470), St Helens
(10,000), Baker (10,827) and Adams (12,470), in Washington. The Fraser
river in the far north, the Columbia at the middle, and the Klamath in
the south cut athwart the range to the Pacific, and many minor streams
descend the range to swell their waters, while some drain directly from
the flanks of the mountains into Puget Sound and Gray's Harbor. The
Columbia has cut almost to the sea-level through the great mountain
mass, the Dalles being only about 100 ft. above the sea. It is to the
Cascades of the tremendous rapids at this point that the mountains owe
their name. The slopes of the Cascades, particularly on the west, which
has a very much moister climate than the eastern slope, are clothed with
magnificent forests, chiefly of coniferous evergreens: firs, pine,
tamarack and cedar. The Douglas fir, the "Oregon pine" of commerce,
often attaining a height of 250 ft., is one of the most beautiful trees
in the world. There are also a variety of deciduous trees, but in the
aggregate they are unimportant. In 1910 the mountain forests were
largely included in ten national forest reserves, with a total area of
nearly 16,000,000 acres, extending from the northern boundary of
Washington to the southern boundary of Oregon. The magnificent forest
cloak, splendid peaks, great open mountain plateau pastures, and
exquisite lakes embosomed in mountain fastnesses and forest gloom, give
variety to the scenery, which is often grand, and throughout the range
indescribably beautiful, though perhaps not equal to the Sierra Nevada
in splended light and colour. Large game--deer, bears, mountain sheep
and goats, wolves and panthers--still abound. Two great railway systems,
the Great Northern and the Northern Pacific, cross the Cascades through
noteworthy tunnels; that on the former line is 2-1/2 m. long, that on
the latter a little less than 2 m.

See OREGON and WASHINGTON; also G.O. Smith and F.C. Calkins, _A
Geological Reconnaissance across the Cascade Range near the
Forty-Ninth Parallel_ (Washington, D.C., 1904), being U.S. Geological
Survey Bulletin 253.

CASE, JOHN (d. 1600), English Aristotelian scholar and physician, was
born at Woodstock. He was educated at Oxford, and elected to a
fellowship at St John's College, which he