In 1832 he began his career as a Parisian journalist,
contributing ardent defences of Romanticism and Conservatism to the
_Revue de Paris_, the _Journal des Debats_, and to _La Presse_. Then he
founded a political journal, _L'Epoque_ (1845-1848), in which his
violent polemics in support of Guizot brought him notoriety and not a
few duels. In 1851, in the _Constitutionnel_, he declared himself openly
an imperialist; and in 1852 was elected as "official candidate" by the
department of Gers. As journalist and deputy he actively supported an
absolutist policy. He demanded the restoration of religion, opposed the
laws in favour of the press, and was a member of the club of the rue de
l'Arcade. In March 1868 he accused the Liberal deputies of having
received money from the king of Prussia for opposing the emperor, and
when called upon for proof, submitted only false or trivial documents.
After the proclamation of the republic (4th of September 1870) he fled
to Belgium. He returned to France for the elections of 1876, and was
elected deputy. He continued to combat all the republican reforms, but
with no advantage to his party. He died on the 31st of January 1880. In
addition to his journalistic articles he published various historical
works, now unimportant.

His son, PAUL ADOLPHE MARIE PROSPER GRANIER DE CASSAGNAC (1843-1904),
while still young was associated with his father in both politics and
journalism. In 1866 he became editor of the Conservative paper _Le
Pays_, and figured in a long series of political duels. On the
declaration of war in 1870 he volunteered for service and was taken
prisoner at Sedan. On his return from prison in a fortress in Silesia he
continued to defend the Bonapartist cause in _Le Pays_, against both
Republicans and Royalists. Elected deputy for the department of Gers in
1876, he adopted in the chamber a policy of obstruction "to discredit
the republican regime." In 1877 he openly encouraged MacMahon to attempt
a Bonapartist _coup d'etat_, but the marshal's refusal and the death of
the prince imperial foiled his hopes. He now played but a secondary role
in the chamber, and occupied himself mostly with the direction of the
journal _L'Autorite_, which he had founded. He was not re-elected in
1902, and died in November 1904. His sons took over _L'Autorite_ and the
belligerent traditions of the family.

CASSANA, NICCOLO (1659-1714), often called NICOLETTO, Italian painter,
was born at Venice,