n Democrats in order to
further his political aspirations. His ideas of popular sovereignty,
however, were not inconsistent with the vigorous Democratic spirit of
the west, of which he was a typical representative, and it is not clear
that he believed that the application of this principle would result in
the extension of slavery. As the west became more radically opposed to
slavery after the troubles in Kansas, Cass was soon out of sympathy with
his section, and when the Republicans secured control of the legislature
in 1857 they refused to return him to the Senate. President Buchanan
soon afterward made him secretary of state, and in this position he at
last had the satisfaction of obtaining from the British government an
acknowledgment of the correctness of the American attitude with regard
to the right of search (or "visitation," as Great Britain
euphemistically termed it). In December 1860 he retired from the cabinet
when the president refused to take a firmer attitude against secession
by reinforcing Fort Sumter, and he remained in retirement until his
death at Detroit, Michigan, on the 17th of June 1866. He wrote for the
_North American_ and the _American Quarterly_ Reviews, and published
_Inquiries Concerning the History, Traditions and Languages of Indians
Living Within the United States_ (1823), and _France: Its King, Court
and Government_ (1840).

See W.T. Young, _Life and Public Services of General Lewis Cass_
(Detroit, 1852); W.L.G. Smith, _Life and Times of Lewis Cass_ (New
York, 1856). The best biography is by A.G. McLaughlin, _Lewis Cass_
(revised edition, Boston, 1899), in the "American Statesmen" series.

CASSABA, a town of Asia Minor, in the sanjak of Manisa, 63 m. E. of
Smyrna, with which it is connected by rail. Pop. estimated at 23,000, of
which two-thirds are Mussulman; but the estimate is probably excessive.
It has considerable local trade, and exports the products of the
surrounding district. Cotton is the most important article, and there
are ginning factories in the town; the silkworm is largely raised and
exported; and the "melons of Cassaba" are sent not only to Smyrna but to
Constantinople. There are fragments of marbles built into the houses,
but the modern town does not seem to occupy any ancient site of
importance.

CASSAGNAC, BERNARD ADOLPHE GRANIER DE (1806-1880), French journalist,
was born at Averon-Bergelle in the department of Gers on the 11th of
August 1806.