to Athens, where he was soon put to death by Octavian,
whom he had offended by writing an abusive letter (Suetonius,
_Augustus_, 4). Cassius is credited with satires, elegies, epigrams and
tragedies. Some hexameters with the title _Cassii Orpheus_ are by
Antonius Thylesius, an Italian of the 17th century. Horace appears to
have thought well of Cassius as a poet, for he asks Tibullus whether he
intends to compete with the _opuscula_ (probably the elegies) of Cassius
(_Epistles_, i. 4. 3). The story in the Horace scholia, that L. Varius
Rufus published his famous tragedy _Thyestes_ from an MS. which he found
amongst the papers of Cassius after his death, is due to a confusion of
Cassius's murderer, Q. Attius Varus, with the tragedian (Appian, _B.C._
v. 2, 139; Cicero, _ad Fam._ xii. 13; Veil. Pat. ii. 87; Orosius, vi.
19; see also the diffuse treatise of A. Weichert, _De L. Varii et Cassii
Parmensis Vita et Carminibus_, 1836). Cassius Parmensis must not be
confused with Cassius Etruscus (Horace, _Satires_, i. 10. 60), an
improviser, who is said to have used enough paper to furnish his funeral
pyre.

CASSIVELAUNUS, or CASSIVELLAUNUS, a British chieftain, ruler of the
country north of the Thames, who led the native tribes against Julius
Caesar on his second expedition (54 B.C.) (see BRITAIN). After several
indecisive engagements, Caesar took the camp of Cassivelaunus, who was
obliged to make peace on condition of paying tribute and giving
hostages. But these promises were not meant to be kept, and it appears
certain that the tribute was never paid. According to Bede (_Hist.
Eccles._ i. 2), the remains of Cassivelaunus's entrenchment were visible
seven or eight centuries later.

See Caesar, _B.G._ v. 11-22; Dio Cassius xl. 2, 3; Orosius vi. 9. 6;
Eutropius vi. 17; Polyaenus, _Strategemata_, viii. 23. For the
etymology of the name (which is Celtic in origin, and appears later as
Caswallon) see J. Rhys, _Celtic Britain_, pp. 289-290 (1904); C.I.
Elton, _Origins of English History _ (1890); and Stock's edition of
Caesar, _De Bella Gallico_ (1898).

CASSOCK (Fr. _casaque_, a military cloak), a long-sleeved, close-fitting
robe worn by the clergy and others engaged in ecclesiastical functions.
The name was originally specially applied to the dress worn by soldiers
and horsemen, and later to the long garment worn in civil life by both
men and women. As an ecclesiastical term the word "cassock" came into