, ranks among his most celebrated paintings, and the Louvre
contains eight characteristic examples. In his closing years he lived in
Mantua, painting for the court; here he received his name of
"Grechetto," from the classic air of his pastorals, and here he died of
gout in 1670. His brother Salvatore and his son Francesco excelled in
the same subjects; and it is thought that many paintings which are
ascribed to Benedetto are only copies after him, or perhaps originals by
his son or brother.

CASTIGLIONE DELLE STIVIERE, a town of Lombardy, Italy, in the province
of Mantua, 20 m. N.W. of Mantua by road. Pop. (1901) 4122 (town), 5940
(commune). It has an old castle, much altered and restored, especially
by the Gonzaga family of Mantua in the 16th century. During the War of
the Spanish Succession, the French under the duke of Vendome occupied
it; and during the siege of Mantua in 1796, the Austrians under Wurmser
were defeated here by the French under Augereau, who was later created
by Napoleon duke of Castiglione.

CASTIGLIONE OLONA, a town of Lombardy, Italy, in the province of Como,
27 m. N.E. of Milan by rail. Pop. (1901) 1806. The choir of the
collegiate church, erected about 1428 by Cardinal Branda Castiglione,
contains fine frescoes by Masolino of Florence: there are other works by
the same master in the baptistery. The tomb of the cardinal (1443) is
good. The church of S. Sepolcro, in the lower part of the town, has two
large stone figures of saints on its facade (of the end of the 13th
century) and, within, painted wooden figures and the tomb of Guido
Castiglione (d. 1485) with fine sculptures of the school of Amadeo. The
palace erected by Cardinal Castiglione has good terra-cotta decorations.

CASTILE, or CASTILLE (_Castilla_), an ancient kingdom of Spain,
occupying the central districts of the Iberian Peninsula; and bounded on
the N. by the Bay of Biscay, N.E. by the Basque Provinces and Navarre,
E. by Aragon, S.E. by Valencia and Murcia, S. by Andalusia, W. by
Estremadura and Leon, and N.W. by Asturias. Pop. (1900) 3,708,713; area,
55,307 sq. m. The name _Castile_ is commonly said to be derived from the
numerous frontier forts (_castillos_) erected in the middle ages as a
defence against the Moors. The northern part of the kingdom, which was
first freed from Moorish rule, is called Old Castile (_Castilla la
Vieja_); the southern, acquired later, is called New Castile (_Castilla
la Nueva_). Th