una de
Sevilla y Anzuelo de las bolsas_ (1642). To these shrewd cynical stories
he owes his reputation. He followed the marquis de los Velez in his
disastrous campaign in Catalonia, and accompanied him to Rome, where the
defeated general was sent as ambassador. Castillo Solorzano's death
occurred (probably at Palermo) before 1648, but the exact date is
uncertain. His prolonged absence from Madrid prevented him from writing
as copiously for the stage as he would otherwise have done; but he was
popular as a playwright both at home and abroad. His _Marques del
Cigarral_ and _El Mayorazgo figuron_ are the sources respectively of
Scarron's _Don Jophet d'Armenie_ and _L'Heritier ridicule_. Among his
numerous remaining works may be mentioned _Las Harpias en Madrid_
(1633), _Fiestas del Jardin_ (1634), _Los Alivios de Casandra_ (1640)
and the posthumous _Quinta de Laurel_ (1649); the witty observation of
these books forms a singular contrast to the prim devotion of his
_Sagrario de Valencia_ (1635). His versatility and graceful style
deserve the highest praise. (J. F.-K.)

CASTLE (Lat. _castellum_, a fort, diminutive of _castra_, a camp; Fr.
_chateau_ and _chatel_), a small self-contained fortress, usually of the
middle ages, though the term is sometimes used of prehistoric earthworks
(e.g. Hollingbury Castle, Maiden Castle), and sometimes of citadels
(e.g. the castles of Badajoz and Burgos) and small detached _forts
d'arret_ in modern times. It is also often applied to the principal
mansion of a prince or nobleman, and in France (as _chateau_) to any
country seat, this use being a relic of the feudal age. Under its
twofold aspect of a fortress and a residence, the medieval castle is
inseparably connected with the subjects of fortification (see
FORTIFICATION AND SIEGECRAFT) and architecture (q.v.). An account of
Roman and pre-Roman _castella_ in Britain will be found under BRITAIN.

The word "castle" (_castel_) was introduced into English shortly before
the Norman Conquest to denote a type of fortress, then new to the
country, brought in by the Norman knights whom Edward the Confessor had
sent for to defend Herefordshire against the inroads of the Welsh.
Richard's castle, of which the earthworks remain and which has given its
name to a parish, was erected at this period on the border of
Herefordshire and Shropshire by Richard Fitz Scrob. The essential
feature of this type was a circular mound of earth surrounded by a