sects, such as
flies and small bees; the petals are white in colour. It includes
several British genera, _Cerastium_ (mouse-ear chickweed), _Stellaria_
(fig. 1) (stitchwort and chickweed), _Arenaria_ (sandwort), _Sagina_
(pearlwort), _Spergula_ (spurrey) and _Spergularia_ (sandwort spurrey).

[Illustration: FIG. 3. a, Pistil of _Cerastium hirsutum_ cut vertically;
o, unilocular or monothecal ovary; p, free central placenta; g, ovules;
s, styles.

b, The same cut horizontally, and the halves separated so as to show the
interior of the cavity of the ovary o, with the free central placenta p,
covered with ovules g.]

Tribe II. _Sileneae_: the sepals are joined below to form a narrow tube,
in which stand the long claws of the petals and the stamens, partly
closing the tube and rendering the honey inaccessible to all but
long-tongued insects such as the larger bees and Lepidoptera. The
flowers are often red. It includes several British genera:--_Dianthus_
(pink) fig. 2, _Silene_ (catchfly, bladder campion), _Lychnis_ (campion,
_L. Flos-Cuculi_ is ragged robin), and _Githago_ or _Agrostemma_ (corn
cockle). Several, such as _Lychnis vespertina, Silene nutans_ and
others, are night-flowering, opening their flowers and becoming scented
in the evening or at night, when they are visited by night-flying moths.

The plants of this order are of little or no economic value, soap-wort,
_Saponaria officinalis_, forming a lather in water was formerly
officinal. _Dianthus_ (carnation and pink) _Gypsophila, Lychnis_ and
others, are garden plants.

CASABIANCA, RAPHAEL, COMTE DE (1738-1825), French general, was descended
from a noble Corsican family. In 1769 he took the side of France against
Genoa, then mistress of the island. In 1793, having entered the service
of the revolutionary government, he was appointed lieutenant-general in
Corsica in place of Pascale Paoli, who was outlawed for intrigues with
England. For his defence of Calvi against the English he was appointed
general of division, and he served in Italy from 1794 to 1798. After the
18th of Brumaire he entered the senate and was made count of the empire
in 1806. In 1814 he joined the party of Louis XVIII., rejoined Napoleon
during the Hundred Days, and in 1819 succeeded again in entering the
chamber of peers.

His nephew, LOUIS DE CASABIANCA (1762-1798), entered the French navy,
served in the convoy of the French troops sent to aid the revolted
American colonies, and