ow: the Poor ask for Bread, and the Philanthropy of
the State accords--an Exhibition." Later, _Punch_ dropped the word for a
while, but the public took it up. Yet the _New English Dictionary_
curiously attributes the first use of it to Miss Braddon in 1863.

In England the cartoon, no longer a weapon of venomous attack, has come
to be regarded as a humorous or sarcastic comment upon the topic
uppermost in the nation's mind, a witty or saturnine illustration of
views already formed, rather than as an instrument for the manufacture
of public opinion. It has almost wholly lost its rancour; it has totally
lost its ferocity--the evolutionary result of peace and contentment, for
satire in its more violent and more spontaneous form is but the outcome
of the dissatisfaction or the rage of the multitude. The cartoon, it is
agreed, must be suggestive; it must present a clear idea lucidly and, if
possible, laughably worked out; and, however reserved or restrained it
may be, or even, when occasion demands (as in the case of Sir John
Tenniel and some of his imitators), however epic in intuition, it must
always figure, so to say, as a leading article transformed into a
picture. (See CARICATURE and ILLUSTRATION.) (M. H. S.)

CARTOUCHE (a French word adapted from the Ital. _cartoccio_, a roll of
paper, Med Lat. _carta_, for _charta_, paper), originally a roll of
paper, parchment or other material, containing the charge of powder and
shot for a firearm, a cartridge (q.v.), which itself is a corruption of
cartouche. The term was applied in architecture to various forms of
ornamentation taking the shape of a scroll, such as the volute of an
Ionian capital. It was particularly used of a sculptured tablet in the
shape of a partly unrolled scroll on which could be placed an
inscription or device. Such "cartouches" are used for titles, &c., on
engravings of maps, plans, and the like. The arms of the popes and
ecclesiastics of high birth were borne on an oval cartouche; and it is
thus particularly applied, in Egyptian archaeology, for the oblong
device with oval ends, enclosing the names of royal personages on the
monuments. It is properly an oval formed by a rope knotted at one end.
An amulet of similar shape, as the symbol of the "name," was worn by men
and women as a protection against the blotting out of the name after
death.

CARTRIDGE (corruption of Fr. _cartouche_), a case, of brass or other
metal, cardboard, silk, fla