Liberal opposition,
and on the accession of Sir Wilfrid Laurier to power in 1896 he became
minister of trade and commerce. In 1898-1899 he represented Canada on
the Anglo-American joint high commission at Quebec. In 1904 failing
health led to his retirement to the senate. He acted in Sir Wilfrid
Laurier's absence at the Imperial Conference 1907 as acting premier.

CARTWRIGHT, THOMAS (c. 1535-1603), English Puritan divine, was born in
Hertfordshire. He studied divinity at St John's College, Cambridge, but
on Mary's accession had to leave the university, and found occupation as
clerk to a counsellor-at-law. On the accession of Elizabeth, he resumed
his theological studies, and was soon afterwards elected fellow of St
John's and later of Trinity College. In 1564 he opposed John Preston in
a theological disputation held on the occasion of Elizabeth's state
visit, and in the following year helped to bring to a head the Puritan
attitude on church ceremonial and organization. He was popular in
Ireland as chaplain to the archbishop of Armagh (1565-1567), and in 1569
he was appointed Lady Margaret professor of divinity at Cambridge; but
John Whitgift, on becoming vice-chancellor, deprived him of the post in
December 1570, and--as master of Trinity--of his fellowship in September
1571. This was a natural consequence of the use which he made of his
position; he inveighed bitterly against the hierarchy and constitution
of the Anglican Church, which he compared unfavourably with the
primitive Christian organization. So keen was the struggle between him
and Whitgift that the chancellor, William Cecil, had to intervene. After
his deprivation by Whitgift, Cartwright visited Beza at Geneva. He
returned to England in 1572, and might have become professor of Hebrew
at Cambridge but for his expressed sympathy with the notorious
"Admonition to the Parliament" by John Field and Thomas Wilcox. To
escape arrest he again went abroad, and officiated as clergyman to the
English residents at Antwerp and then at Middelburg. In 1576 he visited
and organized the Huguenot churches of the Channel Islands, and after
revising the Rhenish version of the New Testament, again settled as
pastor at Antwerp, declining the offer of a chair at St Andrews. In 1585
he returned without permission to London, was imprisoned for a short
time, and became master of the earl of Leicester's hospital at Warwick.
In 1590 he was summoned before the court of high commis