ting point 0 deg.C, and
boiling point 236-237 deg.C. Oxidation with ferric chloride converts it
into dicarvacrol, whilst phosphorus pentachloride transforms it into
chlorcymol.

CARVAJAL, ANTONIO FERNANDEZ (d. 1659), a Portuguese Marano (q.v.) or
Crypto-Jew, who came to England in the reign of Charles I. He was the
first "endenizened" Jew in England, and by his extensive trade with the
West Indies rendered considerable services to the Commonwealth. Besides
his commercial value to Cromwell, Carvajal was politically useful also,
for he acted as "intelligencer." When Manasseh ben Israel in 1655
petitioned for the return of the Jews who had been expelled by Edward
I., Carvajal took part in the agitation and boldly avowed his Judaism.
Carvajal may be termed the founder of the Anglo-Jewish community. He
died in 1659.

See Lucien Wolf, "The First English Jew," _Trans. Jewish Historical
Society_, ii. 14.

CARVAJAL, LUISA DE (1568-1614), Spanish missionary in England, was born
at Jaraicejo in Estremadura on the 2nd of January 1568. Her father, Don
Francisco de Carvajal, was the head of an old and wealthy family which
produced many men of note. Her mother, Dona Maria, belonged to the
powerful house of Mendoza. Both were people of pious character. The
mother died in 1572 from a fever contracted while visiting the poor, and
the father took the disease from his wife, and died of it. Luisa and a
brother were left to the care of their grand-aunt Maria Chacon,
governess of the young children of Philip II. On her death they passed
to the care of their maternal uncle, Francisco Hurtado de Mendoza, count
of Almazan. The count, who was named viceroy of Navarre by Philip II.,
was an able public servant in whom religious zeal was carried to the
point of inhuman asceticism. His niece attracted his favour by her
manifest disposition to the religious life; she sent her own share of
dinner to the poor, ate broken meats, wore a chain next her skin, and
invited humiliation; and at the age of seventeen she was instructed by
the count to make a surrender of her will to two female servants whom he
set over her, and by whom she was repeatedly scourged while naked,
trampled upon and otherwise ill-treated. But when Luisa came of age she
refused to enter a religious house, and decided to devote herself to the
conversion of England. The execution of the Jesuit emissary priest,
Henry Walpole, in 1596 had moved her deeply, and she prepare