in the provinces of Pannonia and Moesia; some were left beyond the
Danube, and they are last heard of as allies of the Huns and Sciri in
the time of Theodosius I. Ptolemy speaks of Harpii and a town Harpis.
This was no doubt the form the name assumed in the mouths of their
Germanic neighbours, Bastarnae and Goths. (E. H. M.)

CARPI, a town and episcopal see of Emilia, Italy, in the province of
Modena, 9 m. N.N.W. by rail from the town of Modena. Pop. (1905) 7118
(town), 27,135 (commune). It is the junction of a branch line to Reggio
nell' Emilia via Correggio, and the centre of a fertile agricultural
district. Carpi contains several Renaissance buildings of interest, the
facade of the old cathedral (an early Romanesque building in origin,
with some early 15th-century frescoes), the new cathedral (after 1513),
perhaps the nave of S. Niccolo and a palace, all being by Baldassare
Peruzzi: while the prince's palace (with a good court and a chapel
containing frescoes by Bernardino Loschi of Parma, 1489-1540) and the
colonnades opposite the theatre are also good. These, and the
fortifications, are all due to Alberto Pio of Carpi, a pupil of Aldus
Manutius, expelled in 1525 by Charles V., the principality being given
to the house of Este.

CARPINI, JOANNES DE PLANO, the first noteworthy European explorer of the
Mongol empire (in the 13th century), and the author of the earliest
important Western work on northern and central Asia, Russian Europe, and
other regions of the Tatar dominion. He appears to have been a native of
Umbria, where a place formerly called Pian del Carpine, but now Piano
della Magione, stands near Perugia, on the road to Cortona. He was one
of the companions and disciples of his countryman St Francis of Assisi,
and from sundry indications can hardly have been younger than the
latter, born in 1182. Joannes bore a high repute in the order, and took
a foremost part in the propagation of its teaching in northern Europe,
holding successively the offices of warden (_custos_) in Saxony, and of
provincial (_minister_) of Germany, and afterwards of Spain, perhaps of
Barbary, and of Cologne. He was in the last post at the time of the
great Mongol invasion of eastern Europe and of the disastrous battle of
Liegnitz (April 9, 1241), which threatened to cast European Christendom
beneath the feet of barbarous hordes. The dread of the Tatars was,
however, still on men's mind four years later, when Pope Inno