vice and its hardships,
with a particular reference to the carpet of a lady's chamber, in which
such a _saineant_ soldier lingers.

CARPI, GIROLAMO DA (1501-1556), Italian historical and portrait painter,
born at Ferrara, was one of Benvenuto Garofalo's best pupils. Becoming
infatuated with the work of Correggio, he quitted Ferrara, and spent
several years in copying that master's paintings at Parma, Modena and
elsewhere, succeeding in aping his mannerisms so well as to be able to
dispose of his own works as originals by Correggio. It is probable that
not a few pictures yet attributed to the great painter are in reality
the work of his parasite. Da Carpi's best paintings are a Descent of the
Holy Spirit, in the church of St Francis at Rovigo; a Madonna, an
Adoration of the Magi, and a St Catharine, at Bologna; and the St George
and the St Jerome, at Ferrara.

CARPI, UGO DA, Italian 15th-century painter, was long held the inventor
of the art of printing in chiaroscuro, afterwards brought to such
perfection by Parmigiano and by Baltasar Peruzzi of Siena. The
researches of Michael Huber (1727-1804) and Johann Gottlob Immanuel
Breitkopf (1719-1794) have proved, however, that this art was known and
practised in Germany by Johann Ulrich Pilgrim (Wachtlin) and Nikolaus
Alexander Mair (1450-c. 1520), at least as early as 1499, while the date
of the oldest of Da Carpi's prints is 1518. Printing in chiaroscuro is
performed by using several blocks. Da Carpi usually employed three--one
for the outline and darker shadows, another for the lighter shadows, and
a third for the half-tint. By means of them he printed engravings after
several pictures and after some of the cartoons of Raphael. Of these a
Sybil, a Descent from the Cross, and a History of Simon the Sorcerer are
the most remarkable.

CARPI, a Dacian tribe established upon the lower Danube from the 1st
century B.C. They rose to considerable power during the 3rd century
A.D., and claiming to be superior to the Goths accordingly demanded that
their incursions into Roman territory likewise should be bought off by
tribute. When this was refused they invaded in force, but were beaten
back by the emperor Philip. After this they joined with the Goths in
their successful inroads until both nations were defeated by Claudius
Gothicus. Later, after repeated defeats under Diocletian and Galerius,
they were taken under Roman protection and the greater part established