----|----|------|------|-----|------|-----|-------
Battle Cruisers| 9 | 4 | .. | .. | 2 | .. | .. | ..
---------------|-------|----|------|------|-----|------|-----|-------
Armored Cr's | 34 | 9 | 10 | 20 | 13 | 6 | 9 | 2
---------------|-------|----|------|------|-----|------|-----|-------
Cruisers | 74 | 41 | 14 | 9 | 13 | 9 | 6 | 5
---------------|-------|----|------|------|-----|------|-----|-------
Destroyers | 167 |130 | 54 | 84 | 50 | 91 | 36 | 18
---------------|-------|----|------|------|-----|------|-----|-------
Submarines | 78 | 30 | 44 | 64 | 13 | 30 | 19 | 6
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Owing to new construction, these figures underwent rapid change.
Thus England added 4 dreadnoughts (2 built for Turkey) in August,
1914; the battle cruiser _Tiger_ in November; the dreadnought _Canada_
and 5 _Queen Elizabeths_ in 1915; and 5 _Royal Sovereigns_ in
1915-1916. In comparisons, full account is not always taken of
the naval support of England's allies; it is true, however, that
the necessity of protecting coasts, troop convoys, and commerce
prevented her from throwing her full strength into the North Sea.
Her capital ships were in two main divisions--the 1st or Grand
Fleet in the Orkneys, and the 2d fleet, consisting at first of
16 pre-dreadnoughts, in the Channel. Admiral Jellico[1] gives the
strength of the Grand Fleet and the German High Seas Fleet, on
August 4, 1914, as follows:

[Footnote 1: THE GRAND FLEET, p. 31.]

--------------------------------------------------------------------
| | Pre- | | | | |
|Dread- |Dread- | Battle | Light |Destroyers| Air-|Cruisers
|noughts|noughts|cruisers|cruisers| |ships|
-------|-------|-------|--------|--------|----------|-----|---------
British| 20 | 8 | 4 | 12 | 42 | .. | 9
German | 13 | 16 | 3 | 15 | 88 | 1 | 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------

Of submarines, according to the same authority, England had 17 of
the D and E classes fit for distant operations, and 37 fit only for
coast defense, while Germany had 28 U boats, all but two or three
of which were able to cruise overseas. The British admiral's account
of the inferiority of the British navy in submarines, aircraft,
mines, destroyers