ption that a proportion of the
dividends distributed is paid out of earnings in Wisconsin for the year
immediately preceding payment is arbitrary and not borne out by the
facts. Accordingly, "if the exaction is an income tax in any sense it is
such upon the stockholders [many of whom are nonresidents] and is
obviously bad."--_See also_ Wisconsin _v._ Minnesota Mining Co., 311
U.S. 452 (1940).

[572] Great A. & P. Tea Co. _v._ Grosjean, 301 U.S. 412 (1937).

[573] Equitable L. Assur. Soc. _v._ Pennsylvania, 238 U.S. 143 (1915).

[574] Provident Sav. Life Assur. Soc. _v._ Kentucky, 239 U.S. 103
(1915).

[575] Continental Co. _v._ Tennessee, 311 U.S. 5, 6 (1940), (Emphasis
supplied).

[576] Palmetto F. Ins. Co. _v._ Connecticut, 272 U.S. 295 (1926).

[577] St. Louis Cotton Compress Co. _v._ Arkansas, 260 U.S. 346 (1922).

[578] Connecticut General Co. _v._ Johnson, 303 U.S. 77 (1938).

[579] Metropolitan L. Ins. Co. _v._ New Orleans, 205 U.S. 395 (1907).

[580] Board of Assessors _v._ New York L. Ins. Co., 216 U.S. 517 (1910).

[581] Liverpool & L. & G. Ins. Co. _v._ Board of Assessors, 221 U.S. 346
(1911).

[582] Orient Ins. Co. _v._ Board of Assessors, 221 U.S. 358 (1911).

[583] Turpin _v._ Lemon, 187 U.S. 51, 58 (1902); Glidden _v._
Harrington, 189 U.S. 255 (1903).

[584] McMillen _v._ Anderson, 95 U.S. 37, 42 (1877).

[585] Bell's Gap R. Co. _v._ Pennsylvania, 134 U.S. 232, 239 (1890).

[586] Hodge _v._ Muscatine County, 196 U.S. 276 (1905).

[587] Hagar _v._ Reclamation Dist. No. 108, 111 U.S. 701, 709-710
(1884).

[588] Hagar _v._ Reclamation Dist. No. 108, 111 U.S. 701, 710 (1884).

[589] McMillen _v._ Anderson, 95 U.S. 37, 42 (1877).

[590] Taylor _v._ Secor, (State Railroad Tax Cases), 92 U.S. 575, 610
(1876).

[591] Nickey _v._ Mississippi, 292 U.S. 393, 396 (1934). _See also_
Clement Nat. Bank _v._ Vermont, 231 U.S. 120 (1914).

[592] Pittsburgh, C.C. & St. L.R. Co. _v._ Backus, 154 U.S. 421 (1894).

[593] Michigan C.R. Co. _v._ Powers, 201 U.S. 245, 302 (1906).

[594] Pittsburgh, C.C. & St. L.R. Co. _v._ Board of Public Works, 172
U.S. 32, 45 (1898).

[595] St. Louis & K.C. Land Co. _v._ Kansas City, 241 U.S. 419, 430
(1916); Paulson _v._ Portland, 149 U.S. 30, 41 (1893); Bauman _v._ Ross,
167 U.S. 548, 590 (1897).

[596] Tonawanda _v._ Lyon, 161 U.S. 389, 391 (1901).

[597] Londoner _v._ Denver, 210 U.S. 373 (1908).

[598] Withnell _v._ Ruecking Constr. Co., 249 U.S. 63, 68 (1