L. Ins. Co. _v._ Cherry, 244 U.S. 25, 30 (1917).

[1004] Standard Oil Co. _v._ Missouri ex rel. Hadley, 224 U.S. 270, 287
(1912); Patterson _v._ Colorado ex rel. Attorney General, 205 U.S. 454,
461 (1907); Stockholders _v._ Sterling, 300 U.S. 175, 182 (1937)

[1005] Virginia _v._ Rives, 100 U.S. 313, 318 (1880).

[1006] Minneapolis & St. L.R. Co. _v._ Beckwith, 129 U.S. 26, 28, 29
(1889).

[1007] Yick Wo _v._ Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 373, 374 (1886).

[1008] Snowden _v._ Hughes, 321 U.S. 1, 8 (1944).

[1009] Truax _v._ Corrigan, 257 U.S. 312 (1921).

[1010] Neal _v._ Delaware, 103 U.S. 370 (1881).

[1011] Shelley _v._ Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1 (1948).

[1012] Ibid. 19.

[1013] Missouri ex rel. Gaines _v._ Canada, 305 U.S. 337, 343 (1938).

[1014] Smith _v._ Allwright, 321 U.S. 649 (1944). _Cf._ Nixon _v._
Herndon, 273 U.S. 536 (1927); Nixon _v._ Condon, 286 U.S. 73 (1932);
Grovey _v._ Townsend, 295 U.S. 45 (1938).

[1015] Slaughter-House Cases, 16 Wall. 36, 81 (1873).

[1016] Chicago, B. & Q.R. Co. _v._ Iowa, 94 U.S. 155 (1877); Peik _v._
Chicago & Northwestern R. Co., 94 U.S. 164 (1877); Chicago, M. & St.
P.R. Co. _v._ Ackley, 94 U.S. 179 (1877); Winona & St. P.R. Co. _v._
Blake, 94 U.S. 180 (1877).

[1017] Santa Clara County _v._ Southern P.R. Co., 118 U.S. 394 (1886).

The ruling stood unchallenged until 1938 when Justice Black asserted in
a dissenting opinion that "I do not believe the word 'person' in the
Fourteenth Amendment includes corporations." Connecticut General Life
Insurance Co. _v._ Johnson, 303 U.S. 77, 85 (1938). More recently
Justice Douglas expressed the same view in a dissenting opinion in which
Justice Black concurred. Wheeling Steel Corporation _v._ Glander, 337
U.S. 562, 576 (1949).

[1018] Yick Wo _v._ Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 369 (1886).

[1019] Newark _v._ New Jersey, 262 U.S. 192 (1923); Williams _v._
Baltimore, 289 U.S. 36 (1933).

[1020] _Cf._ Hillsborough _v._ Cromwell, 326 U.S. 620 (1846).

[1021] Blake _v._ McClung, 172 U.S. 239, 261 (1898); Sully _v._ American
Nat. Bank, 178 U.S. 289 (1900).

[1022] Kentucky Finance Corp. _v._ Paramount Auto Exchange Corp., 262
U.S. 544 (1923).

[1023] Hillsborough _v._ Cromwell, 326 U.S. 620 (1946).

[1024] Wheeling Steel Corp. _v._ Glander, 337 U.S. 562 (1949); Hanover
Insurance Co. _v._ Harding, 272 U.S. 494 (1926).

[1025] Fire Asso. of Philadelphia _v._ New York, 119 U.S. 110 (1886).

[1026] Yick Wo _v._ Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 369