-as _ex post facto_ (art. I, sec. 9, clause 3) and an
interference with the pardoning power (art. II, sec. 2, clause 1).

Ex parte Garland, 4 Wallace 333 (January 14, 1867).

9. Act of July 13, 1866 (14 Stat. 138), amending act of June 30, 1864
(13 Stat. 284, ch. 173, sec. 122).

Tax on indebtedness of railroads, "* * * to whatsoever party or person
the same may be payable", as applied to railroad bonds held by a
municipal corporation under authority of the State, _held_ an
infringement of reserved State sovereignty.

United States _v._ Baltimore & O.R. Co., 17 Wallace 322 (April
3, 1873).

10. Act of March 2, 1867 (14 Stat. 477, ch. 169, sec. 13), amending act
of June 30, 1864 (13 Stat. 281, sec. 116).

Tax on income of "* * * every person residing in the United States * * *
whether derived from * * * salaries * * * or from any source whatever
* * *", as applied to income of State judges, _held_ an interference
with reserved powers of State. (_See_ Tenth Amendment.)

The Collector _v._ Day, 11 Wallace 113 (April 3, 1871).

11. Act of March 2, 1867 (14 Stat. 484, ch. 169, sec. 29).

General prohibition on sale of naphtha, etc., for illuminating purposes,
if inflammable at less temperature than 110 deg. F., _held_ invalid "except
so far as the section named operates within the United States, but
without the limits of any State," as being a mere police regulation.

United States _v._ Dewitt, 9 Wallace 41 (February 21, 1870).

12. Act of May 31, 1870 (16 Stat. 140, ch. 114, sees. 3, 4).

Provisions penalizing (1) refusal of local election officials to permit
voting by persons offering to qualify under State laws, applicable to
any citizens; and (2) hindering of any person from qualifying or voting,
_held_ invalid under Fifteenth Amendment.

United States _v._ Reese et al., 92 U.S. 214 (March 27, 1876).

13. Act of July 12, 1870 (16 Stat. 235, ch. 251).

Provision making Presidential pardons inadmissible in evidence in Court
of Claims, prohibiting their use by that court in deciding claims or
appeals, and requiring dismissal of appeals by the Supreme Court in
cases where proof of loyalty had been made otherwise than as prescribed
by law, _held_ an interference with judicial power under article III,
section 1, and with the pardoning power under article II, section 2,
clause 1.

United States _v._ Klein, 13 Wallace 128 (January 29, 1872).

14. Act of June 22, 1874 (18 Stat