d," _held_ to contravene the Sixth Amendment.

Kirby _v._ United States, 174 U.S. 47 (April 11, 1899).

23. Act of July 12, 1876 (19 Stat. 80, sec. 6, in part).

Provision that "postmasters of the first, second, and third classes
* * * may be removed by the President by and with the advice and consent
of the Senate," _held_ to infringe the executive power under article II,
section 1, clause 1.

Myers _v._ United States, 272 U.S. 52 (October 25, 1926).

24. Act of August 14, 1876 (19 Stat. 141, trademark act), _see_ Revised
Statutes 4937.

25. Act of August 11, 1888 (25 Stat. 411).

Clause, in a provision for the purchase or condemnation of a certain
lock and dam in the Monongahela River, that "* * * in estimating the sum
to be paid by the United States, the franchise of said corporation to
collect tolls shall not be considered or estimated * * *," _held_ to
contravene the Fifth Amendment.

Monongahela Navigation Co. _v._ United States, 148 U.S. 312
(March 27, 1893).

26. Act of May 5, 1892 (27 Stat. 25, ch. 60, sec. 4).

Provision of a Chinese exclusion act, that Chinese persons "convicted
and adjudged to be not lawfully entitled to be or remain in the United
States shall be imprisoned at hard labor for a period not exceeding 1
year and thereafter removed from the United States * * *" (such
conviction and judgment being had before a justice, judge, or
commissioner upon a summary hearing), _held_ to contravene the Fifth and
Sixth Amendments.

Wong Wing _v._ United States, 163 U.S. 228 (May 18, 1896).

27. Joint Resolution of August 4, 1894 (28 Stat. 1018, No. 41).

Provision authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to approve a second
lease of certain land by an Indian chief in Minnesota (granted to
lessor's ancestor by art. 9 of a treaty with the Chippewa Indians),
_held_ an interference with judicial interpretation of treaties under
article III, section 2, clause 1 (and repugnant to the Fifth Amendment).

Jones _v._ Meehan, 175 U.S. 1 (October 30, 1899).

28. Act of August 27, 1894 (28 Stat. 553-560, secs. 27-37).

Income tax provisions of the tariff act of 1894. "The tax imposed by
sections 27 and 37, inclusive * * * so far as it falls on the income of
real estate and of personal property, being a direct tax within the
meaning of the Constitution, and, therefore, unconstitutional and void
because not apportioned according to representation [art. I, sec. 2,
clause 3], a