nd declare * * *
(a) Standards of minimum wages for women in any occupation within the
District of Columbia, and what wages are inadequate to supply the
necessary cost of living to any such women workers to maintain them in
good health and to protect their morals * * *," _held_ to interfere
with freedom of contract under the Fifth Amendment.

Adkins et al. _v._ Children's Hospital and Adkins et al. _v._
Lyons, 261 U.S. 525 (April 9, 1923)--overruled in West Coast
Hotel Co. _v._ Parrish, 300 U.S. 379 (March 29, 1937).

50. Act of February 24, 1919 (40 Stat. 1065, ch. 18, sec. 213, in part).

That part of section 213 of the Revenue Act of 1918 which provided that
"* * * for the purposes of this title * * * the term 'gross income'
* * * includes gains, profits, and income derived from salaries, wages,
or compensation for personal service (including in the case of * * *
judges of the Supreme and inferior courts of the United States * * * the
compensation received as such) * * *" as applied to a judge in office
when the act was passed, _held_ a violation of the guaranty of judges'
salaries, in article III, section 1.

Evans _v._ Gore, 253 U.S. 245 (June 1, 1920).

Miles _v._ Graham (268 U.S. 501, June 1, 1925), held it
invalid as applied to a judge taking office subsequent to the
date of the act.

51. Act of February 24, 1919 (40 Stat. 1097, sec. 402 (c)).

That part of the estate tax providing that "gross estate" of a decedent
should include value of all property "to the extent of any interest
therein of which the decedent has at any time made a transfer or with
respect to which he had at any time created a trust, in contemplation of
or intended to take effect in possession or enjoyment at or after his
death (whether such transfer or trust is made or created before or after
the passage of this act), except in case of a _bona fide_ sale * * *" as
applied to a transfer of property made prior to the act and intended to
take effect "in possession or enjoyment" at death of grantor, but not in
fact testamentary or designed to evade taxation, _held_ confiscatory,
contrary to Fifth Amendment.

Nichols, Collector _v._ Coolidge et al., Executors, 274 U.S.
531 (May 31, 1927).

52. Act of February 24, 1919, title XII (40 Stat. 1138, entire title).

The Child Labor Tax Act, providing that "every person * * * operating
* * * any * * * factory [etc.] * * * in which children under the