807] Jordan _v._ Massachusetts, 225 U.S. 167, 176 (1912).

[808] Maxwell _v._ Dow, 176 U.S. 581, 602 (1900).

[809] Winters _v._ New York, 333 U.S. 507, 509-510, 515 (1948). _See
also_ Cline _v._ Frink Dairy, 274 U.S. 445 (1927); Cole _v._ Arkansas,
338 U.S. 345, 354 (1949).

[810] Lanzetta _v._ New Jersey, 306 U.S. 451, 455 (1939).

[811] Minnesota _v._ Probate Court, 309 U.S. 270 (1940).

[812] Hurtado _v._ California, 110 U.S. 516, 520, 538 (1884); Brown _v._
New Jersey, 175 U.S. 172, 175 (1890); Maxwell _v._ Dow, 176 U.S. 581,
602 (1900); Graham _v._ West Virginia, 224 U.S. 616, 627 (1912); Jordan
_v._ Massachusetts, 225 U.S. 167, 176 (1912).

[813] Lem Woon _v._ Oregon, 229 U.S. 586, 590 (1913).

[814] Gaines _v._ Washington, 277 U.S. 81, 86 (1928).

[815] Norris _v._ Alabama, 294 U.S. 587 (1935). _See also_ Hale _v._
Kentucky, 303 U.S. 613 (1938); Pierre _v._ Louisiana, 306 U.S. 354
(1939); Smith _v._ Texas, 311 U.S. 128 (1940); Shepherd _v._ Florida,
341 U.S. 50 (1951).

[816] Powell _v._ Alabama, 287 U.S. 45, 66, 71 (1932).

[817] Palko _v._ Connecticut, 302 U.S. 319, 324-325 (1937).

[818] 287 U.S. 45 (1932).

[819] Ibid. 71.

[820] 287 U.S. 45, 71 (1932).--The Court presently seems to be holding
that in capital cases, notwithstanding the absence even of other
circumstances prejudicial to the defendant, the right to counsel is
unqualified. _See_ the later cases discussed herein, especially Tomkins
_v._ Missouri, 323 U.S. 485 (1945); Williams _v._ Kaiser, 323 U.S. 471
(1945); Hawk _v._ Olson, 326 U.S. 271 (1945); and the Court's summary of
its rulings in Uveges _v._ Pennsylvania, 335 U.S. 437 (1948), _supra_,
p. 1108.

[821] 308 U.S. 444 (1940).

[822] Ibid. 446-447.

[823] 312 U.S. 329 (1941).--In a post mortem comment on this case
appearing in the later decision of Betts _v._ Brady, 316 U.S. 455, 464
(1942), there is contained the intimation that the mere failure to
appoint counsel, alone, in the absence of the proof of other facts
tending to show that the whole trial was "a mere sham and a pretense,"
would not have sufficed to support a finding of a denial of due process.

[824] 316 U.S. 455, 462-463 (1942).

[825] Ibid. 462, 473.

[826] In Powell _v._ Alabama, 287 U.S. 45 (1932); Avery _v._ Alabama,
308 U.S. 444 (1940); and Smith _v._ O'Grady, 312 U.S. 329 (1941), a
State law required the appointment of counsel.

[827] 316 U.S. 455, 461-462, 474-476 (1942).--Dissenting, Justice Black