root in that country about
the same time. Muratori, Dissert. 60 (Antichita Italiane, t. iii. p.
304). The Italian Manicheans were generally called Paterini, the meaning
of which word has never been explained. We find few traces of them in
France at this time; but about the beginning of the twelfth century,
Guibert, bishop of Soissons, describes the heretics of that city, who
denied the reality of the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, and
rejected the sacraments. Hist. Litteraire de la France, t. x. p. 451.
Before the middle of that age, the Cathari, Henricians, Petrobussians,
and others appear, and the new opinions attracted universal notice. Some
of these sectaries, however, were not Manicheans. Mosheim, vol. iii. p.
116.

The acts of the inquisition of Toulouse, published by Limborch, from an
ancient manuscript, contain many additional proofs that the Albigenses
held the Manichean doctrine. Limborch himself will guide the reader to
the principal passages, p. 30. In fact, the proof of Manicheism among
the heretics of the twelfth century is so strong (for I have confined
myself to those of Languedoc, and could easily have brought other
testimony as to the Cathari), that I should never have thought of
arguing the point, but for the confidence of some modern ecclesiastical
writers.--What can we think of one who says, "It was not unusual to
stigmatize new sects with the odious name of Manichees, though I _know
no evidence_ that there were any real remains of that ancient sect in
the twelfth century"? Milner's History of the Church, vol. iii. p. 380.
Though this writer was by no means learned enough for the task he
undertook, he could not be ignorant of facts related by Mosheim and
other common historians.

I will only add, in order to obviate cavilling, that I use the word
Albigenses for the Manichean sects, without pretending to assert that
their doctrines prevailed more in the neighbourhood of Albi than
elsewhere. The main position is, that a large part of the Languedocian
heretics against whom the crusade was directed had imbibed the Paulician
opinions. If any one chooses rather to call them Catharists, it will not
be material.

[744] M. Paris, p. 267. (A.D. 1223.) Circa dies istos, haeretici
Albigenses constituerunt sibi Antipapam in finibus Bulgarorum, Croatiae
et Dalmatiae, nomine Bartholomaeum, &c. We are assured by good authorities
that Bosnia was full of Manicheans and Arians as late as the middle of
th