they could not be saved without faith, and
consequently that it was useless. They held sin after baptism to be
irremissible. It does not appear that they rejected either of the
sacraments. They laid great stress upon the imposition of hands, which
seems to have been their distinctive rite.

One circumstance, which both Alanus and Robertus Monachus mention, and
which other authorities confirm, is their division into two classes; the
Perfect, and the Credentes, or Consolati, both of which appellations are
used. The former abstained from animal food, and from marriage, and led
in every respect an austere life. The latter were a kind of lay
brethren, living in a secular manner. This distinction is thoroughly
Manichean, and leaves no doubt as to the origin of the Albigenses. See
Beausobre, Hist. du Manicheisme, t. ii. p. 762 and 777. This candid
writer represents the early Manicheans as a harmless and austere set of
enthusiasts, exactly what the Paulicians and Albigenses appear to have
been in succeeding ages. As many calumnies were vented against one as
the other.

The long battle as to the Manicheism of the Albigensian sectaries has
been renewed since the publication of this work, by Dr. Maitland on one
side, and Mr. Faber and Dr. Gilly on the other; and it is not likely to
reach a termination; being conducted by one party with far less regard
to the weight of evidence than to the bearing it may have on the
theological hypotheses of the writers. I have seen no reason for
altering what is said in the text.

The chief strength of the argument seems to me to lie in the independent
testimonies as to the Manicheism of the Paulicians, in Petrus Siculus
and Photius, on the one hand, and as to that of the Languedocian
heretics in the Latin writers of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries on
the other; the connexion of the two sects through Bulgaria being
established by history, but the latter class of writers being
unacquainted with the former. It is certain that the probability of
general truth in these concurrent testimonies is greatly enhanced by
their independence. And it will be found that those who deny any tinge
of Manicheism in the Albigenses, are equally confident as to the
orthodoxy of the Paulicians. [1848.]

[746] The contemporary writers seem uniformly to represent Waldo as the
founder of the Waldenses; and I am not aware that they refer the
locality of that sect to the valleys of Piedmont, between Exiles and
Pig