on has been
influenced by continental Celtic. The number of Gaulish words which have
come down in the Romance languages is remarkably small, and though at
first sight the sound-changes of French and Welsh seem to bear a strong
likeness to one another, any influence of Gaulish pronunciation on
French is largely discounted when we find the same changes occurring in
other dialects where there is little or no question of Celtic influence.

The proper names occurring in classical writers, on inscriptions and
coins, have been collected by A. Holder in his monumental
_Altceltischer Sprachschatz_ (Leipzig, 1896-1908). The inscriptions
have been most recently treated by J. Rhys in the _Proceedings of the
British Academy_, vol. ii. See also a paper in this volume entitled
"Celtae and Galli" by the same author for the text of the Coligny and
Rom inscriptions. The value of Gaulish for grammatical purposes is set
forth by Whitley Stokes in a paper on "Celtic Declension" in the
_Proceedings of the London Philological Society_ (1885-1886). For the
extent over which Gaulish was spoken, its relation to Latin and its
influence on Romance, see E. Windisch's article on "Keltische Sprache"
in the section "Die vorromanischen Volkssprachen" in Grober's
_Grundriss der romanischen Philologie^2_, vol. i. pp. 373 ff. Cf.
further the introduction to J. Loth's _Chrestomathie bretonne_ (Paris,
1890); G. Dottin, _Manuel pour servir a I'etude des antiquites
celtiques_ (Paris, 1906); R. Thurneysen, _Keltoromanisches_ (Halle,
1884).

II. GOIDELIC AND BRYTHONIC.--When the monuments of the Celtic dialects
of the British Islands begin to appear, we find a wide divergence
between the two groups. We can only mention some of the more important
cases here. The Brythonic dialects have gone very much farther in giving
up inflectional endings than Goidelic. In Irish all final syllables in
general disappear except long vowels followed by s or r and u < o
preceded by i. But these reservations do not hold good for Brythonic.
Thus, whilst O. Irish possesses five cases the Brythonic dialects have
only one, and they have further lost the neuter gender and the dual
number in substantives. In phonology there are also very striking
differences, apart from the treatment of the labialized velar qv already
mentioned. The sonant n appears in Brythonic as an, whereas in Goidelic
the nasal disappears before k, t with compensatory lengthening o