Education Department has countenanced the
teaching of Gaelic in Highland schools. But the political element
plays little or no part in the language movement in Scotland, and the
latter is not likely to assume the proportions of the Gaelic League in
Ireland. As a rule, however, Highlanders are better able to read their
own language than Irish Gaels, for, the majority being Protestants,
they are encouraged to read their Bibles. There are only two
periodicals which devote half their space to Gaelic. The one is _An
Deo-Greine_ ("the sunbeam"), founded October 1905; and the other is
the Catholic propagandist quarterly _Guth na Bliadhna_ ("the voice of
the year"), started in 1904. Up to 1905 a fortnightly newspaper
printed wholly in Gaelic appeared in Prince Edward Island, under the
title of _An Mac-talla_ ("the echo"), and efforts have been made to
revive it. A weekly newspaper wholly in Gaelic was started in 1908 by
R. Stuart Erskine under the title of _Alba_.

AUTHORITIES ON SCOTTISH GAELIC.--The first grammar of Scottish Gaelic
was compiled by W. Shaw (_An Analysis of the Galic Language_, 1778).
The most useful one was that published by Alexander Stewart, _Elements
of Gaelic Grammar_ (Edinburgh, 1801). A revised edition of this work
with many additions and corrections was published by H.C. Gillies,
London, 1902. This book is rather spoilt by the author's attitude, and
requires to be supplemented and corrected. G. Henderson and C.W.
Robertson have published important papers on the modern dialects in
the _Zeitschrift fur celtische Philologie_, the _Celtic Review_ and
the _Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness_. The most useful
work on Gaelic philology is Alexander Macbain's _Etymological Gaelic
Dictionary_ (Inverness, 1896) (a later edition by W.J. Watson). The
chief dictionaries are _Dictionarium Scoto-Celticum_, published by the
Highland Society of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1828); R.A. Armstrong,
_Gaelic Dictionary_ in two parts (London, 1825); N. McAlpine,
_Pronouncing Gaelic Dictionary_ (Edinburgh, 1847) (this book gives the
pronunciation of Islay); Macleod and Dewar, _Gaelic and English
Dictionary_ (latest edition, Edinburgh, 1901); _Faclair Gaidhlig_,
published by E. Macdonald, Herne Bay, appearing in parts since 1902.

(c) _Manx._--Our sources of information with regard to the language of
the Isle of Man are even more scanty in the early period th