a facsimile reprint of this latter was made for Quaritch,
London, 1870. A useful little book entitled, _First Lessons in Manx_
was published by Edwin Goodwin (Dublin, 1901). There are two
dictionaries, one by A. Cregeen, Douglas 1835, which is now being
reprinted for _An Cheshaght Gailckagh_, a Douglas society which is
endeavouring to encourage the use of Manx and to get it introduced
into the schools. The other dictionary is by J. Kelly in two
parts--(i) Manx and English, (2) English and Manx, published by the
Manx Society in 1866. Kelly also prepared a Triglot of Manx, Irish and
Gaelic, based upon English, which has never been published. A useful
paper on the language appeared in the _Transactions of the London
Philological Society_ for 1875 by H. Jenner, "The Manx Language: Its
Grammar, Literature and Present State." (E. C. Q.)

(ii). _Brythonic._ The term Brythonic is used to denote the Celtic
dialects of Wales, Brittany and Cornwall. Unlike the Goidels the
Brythonic peoples have no common name for their language. Forms of
Brythonic speech were doubtless current throughout England and Wales and
the Lowlands of Scotland at the time of the Saxon invasion. The S.E. of
Britain may have been extensively Romanized, and it is not impossible
that remnants of Goidelic speech may have lingered on in out-of-the-way
corners. No literary documents dating from this period have been
preserved, but some idea of the character of Brythonic may be gathered
from the numerous inscriptions which have come to light. In the middle
of the 6th century Brythonic was confined to the western half of Britain
south of the Clyde and Forth. The colonization of Britannia minor or
Armorican Brittany during the 5th and 6th centuries will be described
later. In the latter part of the 6th century the W. Saxons pushed their
conquests as far as the estuary of the Severn, and from that time the
Brythons of S.W. Britain were cut off from their kinsmen in Wales. Early
in the 7th century the Brythons of Strathclyde were similarly isolated
by the battle of Chester (613). The kingdom of Strathclyde maintained a
separate existence until the 10th century, and it is generally stated
that Brythonic speech did not die out there until the 12th century. The
question as to how far Brythonic names and words have survived in these
districts has never been properly investigated. Certain it is that
Brythonic numerals survived amongst shepherds in