ee _M.D.F._ I.
39, and for _describere ab aliquo_ cf. _a te_ in _Ad Att._ XIII. 22, 3.

Sec.12. _Dicta Philoni_: for this see Introd. p. 50. It cannot mean what Goer.
makes it mean, "_coram Philone_." I think it probable that _Philoni_ is a
marginal explanation foisted on the text. As to the statements of Catulus
the elder, they are made clear by 18. _Academicos_: i.e. _novos_, who are
here treated as the true Academics, though Antiochus himself claimed the
title. _Aristo_: see Introd. p. 11. _Aristone_: Diog. VII. 164 mentions an
Aristo of Alexandria, a Peripatetic, who may be the same. Dio seems
unknown. _Negat_: see n. on 18. _Lenior_: some MSS. _levior_, as is usual
with these two words. In 11 one of the earliest editions has _leviter_ for
_leniter_.

Sec.Sec.13--18. Summary. Cicero seems to me to have acted like a seditious
tribune, in appealing to famous old philosophers as supporters of
scepticism (13), Those very philosophers, with the exception of
Empedocles, seem to me, if anything, too dogmatic (14). Even if they
were often in doubt, do you suppose that no advance has been made
during so many centuries by the investigations of so many men of
ability? Arcesilas was a rebel against a good philosophy, just as Ti.
Gracchus was a rebel against a good government (15). Has nothing really
been learned since the time of Arcesilas? His opinions have had scanty,
though brilliant support (16). Now many dogmatists think that no
argument ought to be held with a sceptic, since argument can add
nothing to the innate clearness of true sensations (17). Most however
do allow of discussion with sceptics. Philo in his innovations was
induced to state falsehoods, and incurred all the evils he wished to
avoid, his rejection of Zeno's definition of the [Greek: kataleptike
phantasia] really led him back to that utter scepticism from which he
was fleeing. We then must either maintain Zeno's definition or give in
to the sceptics (18).

Sec.13. _Rursus exorsus est_: cf. _exorsus_ in 10. _Popularis_: [Greek:
demotikous]. _Ii a_: so Dav. for MSS. _iam_. _Tum ad hos_: so MSS., Dav.
_aut hos_. The omission of the verb _venire_ is very common in Cic.'s
letters. _C. Flaminium_: the general at lake Trasimene. _Aliquot annis_:
one good MS. has _annos_, cf. _T.D._ I. 4, where all the best MSS. have
_annos_. The ablative is always used to express point of time, and indeed
i