e. if you have a number of _things_, emitting
a number of _appearances_, and you cannot be sure of uniting each
_appearance_ to the _thing_ from which it proceeds, then you can have no
faith in any _appearance_ even if you have gone through the process
required by Carneades' rules. _Ad verum ipsum_: cf. 40. _Quam proxime_: cf.
47, and also 7. _Insigne_: [Greek: semeion], the same as _nota_ and
_signum_ above. _Quo obscurato_: so Lamb. for MSS. _obscuro_ which Halm
keeps. Cf. _quam obscurari volunt_ in 42 and _quo sublato_ in 33.
_Argumentum_: Cic. seems to be thinking of the word [Greek: tekmerion],
which, however, the Stoics hardly use. _Id quod significatur_: [Greek: to
semeionton] in Sext.

Sec.Sec.37--40. Summary The distinction of an animal is to act. You must
either therefore deprive it of sensation, or allow it to assent to
phenomena (37). Mind, memory, the arts and virtue itself, require a
firm assent to be given to some phenomena, he therefore who does away
with assent does away with all action in life (38, 39).

Sec.37. _Explicabamus_: 19--21 and 30 (_quae vis esset in sensibus_).
_Inanimum_: not _inanimatum_, cf. _M.D.F_. IV. 36. _Agit aliquid_: I. 23.
_Quae est in nostra_: Walker's insertion of _non_ before _est_ is needless,
cf. n. on I. 40. It is the impact of the sensation from without, not the
assent given to it, that is involuntary (Sext. _A.M._ VIII. 397 [Greek: to
men gar phantasiothenai abouleton en]). For _in potestate_ cf. _De Fato_ 9,
_N.D._ I. 69

Sec.38. _Eripitur_: cf. 30. _Neque sentire_: Christ om. _neque_; but the
sceptics throughout are supposed to rob people of their senses. _Cedere_:
cf. [Greek: eikein, eixis] in Sext. _P.H._ I. 193, 230, Diog. VII. 51,
[Greek: ton de aisthetikon meta eixeos kai synkatatheseos ginontai [hai
phantasia]]; also 66 of this book. [Greek: Oikeion]: cf. 34. _Adsentitur
statim_: this really contradicts a good deal that has gone before, esp. 20.
_Memoriam_: cf. 22. _In nostra potestate_: this may throw light on fragm.
15 of the _Ac. Post._, which see.

Sec.39. _Virtus_: even the Stoics, who were fatalists as a rule, made moral
action depend on the freedom of the will; see n. on I. 40. _Ante videri
aliquid_ for the doctrine cf. 25, for the passive use of _videri_, n. on
25. _Adsentiatur_: the passive use is illustrated by Madv. _Em._ 131, the
change of construction from infin. to subj. after _necesse est_ on _D.F._
V. 25. _Tollit e vita_: so