eople's minds,
that Admiral Seymour told me that the French Admiral had urged him to
dine with him, assuring him that no Treaty would be signed that day!
Well, I sent Frederick to the Imperial Commissioners, to tell them
that I was indignant beyond all expression at their having attempted
to communicate with me through third parties; that I was ready to sign
at once the Treaty as it stood; but that, if they delayed or
retracted, I should consider negotiations at an end, go to Pekin, and
demand a great deal more, &c.... Frederick executed this most
difficult task admirably, and at 6 P.M. I signed the Treaty of
Tientsin.... I am now anxiously waiting some communication from Pekin.
Till the Emperor accepts the Treaty, I shall hardly feel safe. Please
God he may ratify without delay! I am sure that I express the wish
just as much in the interest of China as in ours. Though I have been
forced to act almost brutally, I am China's friend in all this.

[Sidenote: Articles of the Treaty.]

It may be well here to recapitulate the chief articles of the Treaty thus
concluded, which may be briefly summed up as follows:--

The Queen of Great Britain to be at liberty, if she see fit, to appoint an
Ambassador, who may reside permanently at Pekin, or may visit it
occasionally, at the option of the British Government;

Protestants and Roman Catholics to be alike entitled to the protection of
the Chinese authorities;

British subjects to be at liberty to travel to all parts of the interior,
under passports issued by their Consuls;

British ships to be at liberty to trade upon the Great River (Yangtze);

Five additional ports to be opened to trade;

The Tariff fixed by the Treaty of Nankin to be revised;

British subjects to have the option of clearing their goods of all transit
duties by payment of a single charge, to be calculated as nearly as
possible at the rate of 2-1/2 per cent. _ad valorem_;

The character 'I' (Barbarian) to be no longer applied in official documents
to British subjects;

The Chinese to pay 2,000,000 taels (about 650,000_l._) for losses at
Canton, and an equal sum for the expenses of the war.

[Sidenote: Reasons for moderation.]
[Sidenote: Right of sending an ambassador,]

In bringing this Treaty to a conclusion Lord Elgin might have said of
himself as truly as of the brother who had so ably helped him in arranging
its terms, that he 'felt very s