ithout any favorable
result will direct attention to the rigid and unyielding cicatrices
which may be incised at one, two, or more points to a depth of half an
inch or more, after which the natural expulsive efforts will usually
prove effective. The resulting wounds may be washed frequently with a
solution of 1 part of carbolic acid to 50 parts of water, or of 1 part
of mercuric chlorid to 1,000 parts of water.

FETUS ADHERENT TO THE WALLS OF THE WOMB.--In inflammation of the mucous
membrane lining the cavity of the womb and implicating the fetal
membranes the resulting embryonic tissue sometimes establishes a medium
of direct continuity between the womb and fetal membranes; the blood
vessels of the one communicate freely with those of the other and the
fibers of the one are prolonged into the other. This causes retention of
the membranes after birth, and a special risk of bleeding from the womb,
and of septic poisoning. In exceptional cases the adhesion is more
extensive and binds a portion of the body of the foal firmly to the
womb. In such cases it has repeatedly been found impossible to extract
the foal until such adhesions were broken down. If they can be reached
with the hand and recognized, they may be torn through with the fingers
or with a blunt hook, after which delivery may be attempted with hope of
success.

EXCESSIVE SIZE OF FETUS.--It would seem that a small mare may usually be
safely bred to a large stallion, yet this is not always the case; and
when the small size is an individual rather than a racial characteristic
or the result of being very young, the rule can not be expected to hold.
There is always great danger in breeding the young, small, and
undeveloped female, and the dwarfed representative of a larger breed, as
the offspring tend to partake of the large race characteristics and to
show them even prior to birth. When impregnation has occurred in the
very young or in the dwarfed female there are two alternatives--to
induce abortion or to wait until there are attempts at parturition and
to extract by embryotomy if impracticable otherwise.

CONSTRICTION OF A MEMBER BY THE NAVEL STRING.--In man and animals alike
the winding of the umbilical cord around a member of the fetus sometimes
leads to the amputation of the latter. It is also known to get wound
around the neck or a limb at birth, but in the mare this does not
seriously impede parturition, as the loosely attached membranes are
easily separa