arm of the Ornain, called the Canal des Usines, on the left bank of
which the upper town (Ville Haute) is situated. The Ville Haute, which is
reached by staircases and steep narrow thoroughfares, is intersected by a
long, quiet street, bordered by houses of the 15th, 16th and 17th
centuries. In this quarter are the remains (16th century) of the chateau of
the dukes of Bar, dismantled in 1670, the old clock-tower and the college,
built in the latter half of the 16th century. Its church of St Pierre (14th
and 15th centuries) contains a skilfully-carved effigy in white stone of a
half-decayed corpse, the work of Ligier Richier (1500-1572), a pupil of
Michelangelo--erected to the memory of Rene de Chalons (d. 1544). The lower
town contains the official buildings and two or three churches, but these
are of little interest. Among the statues of distinguished natives of the
town is one to Charles Nicolas Oudinot, whose house serves as the
hotel-de-ville. Bar-le-Duc has tribunals of first instance and of commerce,
a board of trade arbitrators, a lycee, a training-college for girls, a
chamber of commerce, a branch of the Bank of France and an art museum. The
industries of the town include iron-founding and the manufacture of
machinery, corsets, hosiery, [v.03 p.0405] flannel goods, jam and
wall-paper, and brewing, cotton spinning and weaving, leather-dressing and
dyeing. Wine, timber and iron are important articles of commerce.

Bar-le-Duc was at one time the seat of the countship, later duchy, of Bar,
the history of which is given below. Though probably of ancient origin, the
town was unimportant till the 10th century when it became the residence of
the counts.

COUNTS AND DUKES OF BAR. In the middle of the 10th century the territory of
Bar (Barrois) formed a dependency of the Empire. In the 11th century its
lords were only counts by title; they belonged to the house of Mousson
(which also possessed the countships of Montbeliard and Ferrette), and
usually fought in the French ranks, while their neighbours, the dukes of
Lorraine, adhered to the German side. Theobald I., count of Bar, was an
ally of Philip Augustus, as was also his son Henry II., who distinguished
himself at the battle of Bouvines in 1214. But sometimes the counts of Bar
bore arms against France. In 1301 Henry III. having made an alliance with
Edward I. of England, whose daughter he had married, was vanquished by
Philip the Fair, who forced him to do homage for a