Wisconsin and agent of the board of regents of the normal
school fund; in 1866 he was president of St John's College, Annapolis,
Maryland; and from 1867 to 1870 he was the first United States commissioner
of education, and in this position he laid the foundation for the
subsequent useful work of the Bureau of Education. His chief service to the
cause of education, however, was rendered as the editor, from 1855 to 1881,
of the _American Journal of Education_, the thirty-one volumes of which are
a veritable encyclopaedia of education, one of the most valuable
compendiums of information on the subject ever brought together through the
agency of any one man. He also edited from 1838 to 1842, and again from
1851 to 1854, the _Connecticut Common School Journal_, and from 1846 to
1849 the _Journal of the Rhode Island Institute of Instruction_. He died at
Hartford, Conn., on the 5th of July 1900. Among American educational
reformers, Barnard is entitled to rank next to Horace Mann of
Massachusetts.

See a biographical sketch by A. D. Mayo in the _Report of the Commissioner
of Education for_ 1896-1897 (Washington, 1898), and W. S. Monroe's
_Educational Labours of Henry Barnard_ (Syracuse, 1893).

BARNARD, JOHN, English musician, was a minor canon of St Paul's in the
reign of Charles I. He was the first to publish a collection of English
cathedral music. It contains some of the finest 16th-century masterpieces,
ranging from the "_faux-bourdon_" style of Tallis's _Pieces and Responses_
to the most developed types of full anthem. The text, however, is not
trustworthy.

BARNARD CASTLE, a market-town in the Barnard Castle parliamentary division
of Durham, England, 17 m. W. of Darlington by a branch of the North Eastern
railway. Pop. of urban district (1901) 4421. It is beautifully situated on
the steep left bank of the Tees. A noteworthy building in the town is the
octagonal town-hall, dating from 1747. There are a few picturesque old
houses, and a fragment of an Augustinian convent. St Mary's church, in a
variety of styles from Norman onward, contains some curious monuments; but
the building of chief interest is the castle, which gives the town its
name, and is the principal scene of Sir Walter Scott's _Rokeby_. The
remains extend over a space of more than six acres. A remarkable building
known as the Bowes' Mansion and Museum, bequeathed in 1874 to the town by a
descendant of Sir George Bowes, contains a valuable collection of wo