rks of
art. In the vicinity of the town are Egglestone Abbey, beautifully situated
on the Yorkshire bank of the river, Rokeby Park on the same bank, at the
confluence of the Greta, and the massive 14th century castle of Raby to the
north-east. The principal manufacture is shoe-thread. The corn-market is
important.

As part of the lordship of Gainford, Barnard Castle is said to have been
granted by William Rufus to Guy Baliol Bernard, son of Guy Baliol, who
built the castle, and called it after himself, Castle Bernard. To the men
of the town which grew up outside the castle walls he gave, about the
middle of the 12th century, a charter making them burgesses and granting
them the same privileges as the town of Richmond in Yorkshire. This charter
was confirmed by Bernard Baliol, son of the above Bernard. Other
confirmation charters were granted to the town by Hugh, John, and Alexander
Baliol. The castle and lordship remained in the hands of the Baliols until
John Baliol, king of Scotland, forfeited them with his other English
estates in 1296. Barnard Castle was then seized by Anthony, bishop of
Durham, as being within his palatinate of Durham. Edward I., however,
denied the bishop's rights and granted the castle and town to Guy
Beauchamp, earl of Warwick, whose descendants continued to hold them until
they passed to the crown by the marriage of Anne Nevill with Richard III.,
then duke of Gloucester. In 1630 Barnard Castle was sold to Sir Henry Vane,
and in the same year the castle is said to have been unroofed and
dismantled for the sake of the materials of which it was built. Tanning
leather was formerly one of the chief industries of the town. In 1614 an
act for "knights and burgesses to have place in parliament for the county
palatine and city of Durham and borough of Barnard [v.03 p.0411] Castle"
was brought into the House of Commons, but when the act was finally passed
for the county and city of Durham, Barnard Castle was not included.

BARNARDO, THOMAS JOHN (1845-1905), English philanthropist, and founder and
director of homes for destitute children, was born at Dublin, Ireland, in
1845. His father was of Spanish origin, his mother being an Englishwoman.
With the intention of qualifying for medical missionary work in China, he
studied medicine at the London hospital, and later at Paris and Edinburgh,
where he became a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. His medical work
in the east end of London during the epide