as are lately builded are
either of brick or hard stone, or both." p. 316.

[667] Archaeologia, vol. i. p. 143; vol. iv. p. 91.

[668] Hist. of Whalley. In Strutt's View of Manners we have an inventory
of furniture in the house of Mr. Richard Fermor, ancestor of the earl of
Pomfret, at Easton in Northamptonshire, and another in that of Sir
Adrian Foskewe. Both these houses appear to have been of the dimensions
and arrangement mentioned.

[669] Single rooms, windows, doorways, &c., of an earlier date may
perhaps not unfrequently be found; but such instances are always to be
verified by their intrinsic evidence, not by the tradition of the place.
[Note II.]

[670] Melanges tires d'une grande bibliotheque, par M. de Paulmy, t.
iii. et xxxi. It is to be regretted that Le Grand d'Aussy never
completed that part of his Vie privee des Francais which was to have
comprehended the history of civil architecture. Villaret has slightly
noticed its state about 1380. t. ii. p. 141.

[671] Chenonceaux in Touraine was built by a nephew of Chancellor
Duprat; Gaillon in the department of Eure by Cardinal Amboise; both at
the beginning of the sixteenth century. These are now considered, in
their ruins, as among the most ancient houses in France. A work by
Ducerceau (Les plus excellens Batimens de France, 1607) gives accurate
engravings of thirty houses; but with one or two exceptions, they seem
all to have been built in the sixteenth century. Even in that age,
defence was naturally an object in constructing a French mansion-house;
and where defence is to be regarded, splendour and convenience must give
way. The name of _chateau_ was not retained without meaning.

[672] Melanges tires, &c. t. iii. For the prosperity and downfall of
Jacques Coeur, see Villaret, t. xvi. p. 11; but more especially Mem.
de l'Acad. des Inscript. t. xx. p. 509. His mansion at Bourges still
exists, and is well known to the curious in architectural antiquity. In
former editions I have mentioned a house of Jacques Coeur at
Beaumont-sur-Oise; but this was probably by mistake, as I do not
recollect, nor can find, any authority for it.

[673] Giannone, Ist. di Napoli, t. iii. p. 280.

[674] Muratori, Antich. Ital. Dissert. 25, p. 390. Beckman, in his
History of Inventions, vol. i., a work of very great research, cannot
trace any explicit mention of chimneys beyond the writings of John
Villani, wherein however they are not noticed as a new invention. Piers
Plo