leges of National citizenship"
(Twining _v._ New Jersey, 211 U.S. 78, 97 (1908)); but it was pointed
out in United States _v._ Wheeler, 254 U.S. 281, 299 (1920), that the
statute involved in the Crandall Case was held to burden directly the
performance by the United States of its governmental functions. In
Williams _v._ Fears, 179 U.S. 270, 274 (1900), a law taxing the business
of hiring persons to labor outside the State was upheld on the ground
that it affected freedom of egress from the State "only incidentally and
remotely."

[18] United States _v._ Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542 (1876).

[19] Ex parte Yarbrough, 110 U.S. 651 (1884); Wiley _v._ Sinkler, 179
U.S. 58 (1900).

[20] United States _v._ Waddell, 112 U.S. 76 (1884).

[21] Logan _v._ United States, 144 U.S. 263 (1892).

[22] Re Quarles, 158 U.S. 532 (1895).

[23] Crutcher _v._ Kentucky, 141 U.S. 47, 57 (1891).

[24] 307 U.S. 496.

[25] Concurring in the result, Justice Stone contended that the case
should have been disposed of by reliance upon the due process, rather
than the privileges and immunities, clause, inasmuch as the record
disclosed that the complainants had not invoked the latter clause and
the evidence failed to indicate that any of the complainants were in
fact citizens or that any relation between citizens and the Federal
Government was involved.--Ibid. 525-527.

[26] 314 U.S. 160, 177-183 (1941).

[27] Justices Douglas, Black, Murphy and Jackson.

[28] 6 Wall. 35 (1868).

[29] 279 U.S. 245, 251 (1929).

[30] 296 U.S. 404.

[31] _See_ Madden _v._ Kentucky, 309 U.S. 83, 93.

[32] 296 U.S. 404, 444, 445-446.

[33] 332 U.S. 633, 645, 640.

[34] Ibid. 640.

[35] Holden _v._ Hardy, 169 U.S. 366, 380 (1898).

[36] Williams _v._ Fears, 179 U.S. 270, 274 (1900).

[37] Wilmington Star Min. Co. _v._ Fulton, 205 U.S. 60, 74 (1907).

[38] Heim _v._ McCall, 239 U.S. 175 (1915); Crane _v._ New York, 239
U.S. 195 (1915).

[39] Missouri P.R. Co. _v._ Castle, 224 U.S. 541 (1912).

[40] Western U. Teleg. Co. _v._ Commercial Milling Co., 218 U.S. 406
(1910).

[41] Bradwell _v._ Illinois, 16 Wall. 130, 139 (1873); Re Lockwood, 154
U.S. 116 (1894).

[42] Kirtland _v._ Hotchkiss, 100 U.S. 491, 499 (1879).

[43] Bartemeyer _v._ Iowa, 18 Wall. 129 (1874); Mugler _v._ Kansas, 123
U.S. 623 (1887); Crowley _v._ Christensen, 137 U.S. 86, 91 (1890);
Giozza _v._ Tiernan, 148 U.S. 657 (1893).

[44] Ex parte Kemmler, 136 U.S. 436 (1890).

[45]