enerally _he
fought_, _warred_ or waged war against _unbelievers_ and _the like_."
This signification is now given by those lexicologists who do not
restrict themselves to the definition of classical terms or
significations, like the author of Kamoos. Mr. Lane, the celebrated
author of _Maddool Kamoos_ an Arabic-English lexicologist, clearly shows
that the definition of _Jihad_, as the act of waging war, is only of
Moslem origin and is not classical. And I will show in sequence that the
Moslem usage of _Jihad_, as signifying the waging of war, is a
post-Koranic usage, and that in the Koran it is used classically and
literally in its natural sense.

[Sidenote: The Classical tongue and Arabian poets.]

4. What is called the classical language of Arabia or the _loghat_, and
is an authority for the genuineness of the Arabic terms and their
significations, is the language which was spoken throughout the whole of
the Peninsula previous to the appearance of Mohammad. After the death of
Mohammad the language was rapidly corrupted by the introduction of
foreign words. This was doubtless owing to the great extension of the
Mohammadan power at this period. The classical poets are those who died
before these great conquests were effected, and are the most reliable
authorities for Arabic words and their significations, and they are
called _Jahili_. Next to the classical poets are the post-classical, or
_Mokhadrams_, _Islami_ and _Mowallads_. Mokhadram is a poet who lived
partly before and partly after Mohammad, and who did not embrace
Islamism during the life of the Prophet. The Islami poets are the
Mohammadan poets of the first and second centuries of the Hejira, and
Mowallads, the poets of the fourth rank, followed the Islamis. The
earliest classical poets date only a century before the birth of
Mohammad, and the latest, about a century after his death. The period of
the Islami poets is the first and second centuries,--_i.e._, those who
lived after the first corruption of the Arabic language, but before the
corruption had become extensive.

The Mowallads co-existed with the general and rapid corruption of the
language from the beginning or middle of the second century.

[Sidenote: The conjugation and declension of _Jahd_ and _Jihad_]

5. The words _Jahd_ and _Jihad_ and their derivations, amounting to
fourteen in number, occur in the following passages in the Koran:--

1. "Jahada" Chapter xxix, 5; ix, 19.