above those who
sit at home."

Sale: _1st_ ... "Those who employ their fortune and their
substance for the religion of God."

_2nd_ ... "Those who employ their fortune and their
substance."

_3rd_ ... "Those who fight."

Rodwell: _1st_ ... "Those who fight valiantly."

_2nd_ ... "Contend earnestly."

_3rd_ ... "Strenuous."

Palmer: _1st_ ... "Strenuous."

_2nd_ ... "Strenuous."

_3rd_ ... "Strenuous."

I have already explained the two sorts of worship or service of
God--bodily and mental. The same applies here too.

[Sidenote: (19) Light, XXIV, 52.]

31. "And they swore by God with their utmost oath...."

Sale ... "Most solemn oath."

Rodwell ... "Most solemn oath."

Palmer ... "Most strenuous oath."

[Sidenote: (20) The Forbidding, LXVI, 9.]

32. "O Prophet, (_Jahid_) do thy utmost with the unbelievers and
hypocrites, and be strict towards them."

Sale ... "Attack the infidels with arms and the
hypocrites with arguments."

Rodwell ... "Make war."

Palmer ... "Fight strenuously."

[Sidenote: (21) The Immunity, IX, 74.]

33. The same verse, word for word.

Sale ... "Wage war."

Rodwell ... "Contend against."

Palmer ... "Strive strenuously."

The word _Jahid_ is the same in both the passages, yet the translators
differ in their interpretation of it. As there had been no war against
the hypocrites, the word cannot be held to bear the construction they
put on it, even if we deprived it of its proper signification. In one
place Sale takes _Jahid_ to mean "attacking with arms," and in another
he takes it in the sense of attacking with arguments.

There is no signification of "attacking" in _Jihad_, but only that of
"exerting," and the verse simply means, "exert thyself in preaching to,
and remonstrating with, the unbelievers and hypocrites, and also be
strict towards them,"--_i.e._, not to be smooth with them, nor to be
beguiled by them.[332]

[Sidenote: (22) The tried, LXI.]

34. "O Ye believers! take not my foe and your foe for friends: ye
show them kindness although they believe not that truth which hath
come to you: t