"The great bulk of the revenue of the cities, which enters the exchequer
of the Great Kaan, is expended in maintaining these garrisons. And if
perchance any city rebel (as you often find that under a kind of madness
or intoxication they rise and murder their governors), as soon as it is
known, the adjoining cities despatch such large forces from their
garrisons that the rebellion is entirely crushed. For it would be too long
an affair if troops from Cathay had to be waited for, involving perhaps a
delay of two months."

NOTE 12.--"The sons of the dead, wearing hempen clothes as badges of
mourning, kneel down," etc. (_Doolittle_, p. 138.)

NOTE 13.--These practices have been noticed, supra, Bk. I. ch. xl.

NOTE 14.--This custom has come down to modern times. In Pauthier's _Chine
Moderne_, we find extracts from the statutes of the reigning dynasty and
the comments thereon, of which a passage runs thus: "To determine the
exact population of each province the governor and the lieutenant-governor
cause certain persons who are nominated as _Pao-kia_, or Tithing-Men, in
all the places under their jurisdiction, to add up the figures inscribed
on the wooden tickets attached to the doors of houses, and exhibiting the
number of the inmates" (p. 167).

Friar Odoric calls the number of fires 89 _tomans_; but says 10 or 12
households would unite to have one fire only!

[1] In the first edition, my best authority on this matter was a lecture
on the city by the late Rev. D.D. Green, an American Missionary at
Ningpo, which is printed in the November and December numbers for 1869
of the (Fuchau) _Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal_. In the
present (second) edition I have on this, and other points embraced in
this and the following chapters, benefited largely by the remarks of
the Right Rev. G.E. Moule of the Ch. Mission. Soc., now residing at
Hang-chau. These are partly contained in a paper (_Notes on Colonel
Yule's Edition of Marco Polo's 'Quinsay'_) read before the North China
Branch of the R.A.Soc. at Shang-hai in December 1873 [published in New
Series, No. IX. of the _Journal N.C.B.R.A.Soc._], of which a proof has
been most kindly sent to me by Mr. Moule, and partly in a special
communication, both forwarded through Mr. A. Wylie. [See also _Notes
on Hangchow Past and Present_, a paper read in 1889 by Bishop G.E.
Moule at a Meeting of the Hangchau Missionary Associatio