ition ascribes the first concordance, the
anonymous _Concordantiae Morales_, of which the basis was the Vulgate.
The first authentic work of the kind was due to Cardinal Hugh of St
Cher, a Dominican monk (d. 1263), who, in preparing for a commentary on
the Scriptures, found the need of a concordance, and is reported to have
used for the purpose the services of five hundred of his brother monks.
This concordance was the basis of two which succeeded in time and
importance, one by Conrad of Halberstadt (fl. c. 1290) and the other by
John of Segovia in the next century. This book was published in a
greatly improved and amplified form in the middle of the 19th century by
David Nutt, of London, edited by T. P. Dutripon. The first Hebrew
concordance was compiled in 1437-1445 by Rabbi Isaac Nathan b. Kalonymus
of Arles. It was printed at Venice in 1523 by Daniel Bomberg, in Basel
in 1556, 1569 and 1581. It was published under the title _Meir Natib_,
"The Light of the Way." In 1556 it was translated into Latin by Johann
Reuchlin, but many errors appeared in both the Hebrew and the Latin
edition. These were corrected by Marius de Calasio, a Franciscan friar,
who published a four volume folio _Concordantiae Sacr. Bibl. Hebr. et
Latin._ at Rome, 1621, much enlarged, with proper names included.
Another concordance based on Nathan's was Johann Buxtorf the elder's
_Concordantiae Bibl. Ebraicae nova et artificiosa methodo dispositae_,
Basel, 1632. It marks a stage in both the arrangement and the knowledge
of the roots of words, but can only be used by those who know the
massoretic system, as the references are made by Hebrew letters and
relate to rabbinical divisions of the Old Testament. Calasio's
concordance was republished in London under the direction of William
Romaine in 1747-1749, in four volumes folio, under the patronage of all
the monarchs of Europe and also of the pope. In 1754 John Taylor, D.D.,
a Presbyterian divine in Norwich, published in two volumes the _Hebrew
Concordance adapted to the English Bible_, disposed after the manner of
Buxtorf. This was the most complete and convenient concordance up to the
date of its publication. In the middle of the 19th century Dr Julius
Furst issued a thoroughly revised edition of Buxtorf's concordance. The
_Hebraischen und chaldaischen Concordanz zu den Heiligen Schriften Alten
Testaments_ (Leipzig, 1840) carried forward the development of the
concordance in several directions. It gave