FREE BOOKS

Author's List




PREV.   NEXT  
|<   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21   22   23   24   25   26   27   28   29  
30   31   32   33   34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44   45   46   47   48   49   50   51   52   53   54   >>   >|  
as, Then _h_eavier _g_rows the _g_rief of his _h_eart. These two latter forms are somewhat unusual. The standard line is that given above: _G_uthhere there _g_ave me a _g_oodly jewel, or A _h_undred generations; _h_oary and stained with red, or With rings of _g_old and _g_ilded cups. All consonants alliterate with themselves, though usually _sh_, _sp_, and _st_ agree only with the same combination. Vowels alliterate with one another. In the following passage the alliterating letters are indicated by italics: [transcriber's note: enclosed by underscore characters] Then a _b_and of _b_old knights _b_usily gathered, _K_een men at the _c_onflict; with _c_ourage they stepped forth, _B_earing _b_anners, _b_rave-hearted companions, And _f_ared to the _f_ight, _f_orth in right order, _H_eroes under _h_elmets from the _h_oly city At the _d_awning of _d_ay; _d_inned forth their shields A _l_oud-voiced a_l_arm. Now _l_istened in joy The lank _w_olf in the _w_ood and the _w_an raven, _B_attle-hungry _b_ird, _b_oth knowing well That the _g_allant people would _g_ive them soon A _f_east on the _f_ated; now _f_lew on their track The _d_eadly _d_evourer, the _d_ewy-winged eagle, _S_inging his war _s_ong, the _s_wart-coated bird, The _h_orned of beak. _Judith_, vv. 199-212. Besides the distinctive meter in which the Old English poems are written, there are several qualities of style for which they are peculiar. No one can read a page of these poems without being struck by the parallel structure that permeates the whole body of Old English verse. Expressions are changed slightly and repeated from a new point of view, sometimes with a good effect but quite as often to the detriment of the lines. These parallelisms have been retained in the translation in so far as it has been possible, but sometimes the lack of inflectional endings in English has prevented their literal translation. Accompanying these parallelisms, and often a part of them, are the frequent synonyms so characteristic of Old English poetry. These synonymous expressions are known as "kennings." They are not to be thought of as occasional metaphors employed at the whim of the poet; they had, in most cas
PREV.   NEXT  
|<   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21   22   23   24   25   26   27   28   29  
30   31   32   33   34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44   45   46   47   48   49   50   51   52   53   54   >>   >|  



Top keywords:
English
 

translation

 

alliterate

 

parallelisms

 
distinctive
 
Besides
 

written

 
qualities
 

employed

 

peculiar


evourer

 

winged

 
Judith
 

coated

 
inging
 
inflectional
 

endings

 

prevented

 
retained
 

literal


poetry

 

synonymous

 

expressions

 
characteristic
 

synonyms

 
Accompanying
 

frequent

 

detriment

 

permeates

 

structure


occasional

 

parallel

 
struck
 

metaphors

 

kennings

 

Expressions

 
effect
 
repeated
 

thought

 

changed


slightly

 

consonants

 

combination

 

letters

 
italics
 

transcriber

 
alliterating
 

passage

 
Vowels
 

unusual