as,
Then _h_eavier _g_rows the _g_rief of his _h_eart.
These two latter forms are somewhat unusual. The standard line is that
given above:
_G_uthhere there _g_ave me a _g_oodly jewel,
or
A _h_undred generations; _h_oary and stained with red,
or
With rings of _g_old and _g_ilded cups.
All consonants alliterate with themselves, though usually _sh_, _sp_, and
_st_ agree only with the same combination. Vowels alliterate with one
another.
In the following passage the alliterating letters are indicated by
italics: [transcriber's note: enclosed by underscore characters]
Then a _b_and of _b_old knights _b_usily gathered,
_K_een men at the _c_onflict; with _c_ourage they stepped
forth,
_B_earing _b_anners, _b_rave-hearted companions,
And _f_ared to the _f_ight, _f_orth in right order,
_H_eroes under _h_elmets from the _h_oly city
At the _d_awning of _d_ay; _d_inned forth their shields
A _l_oud-voiced a_l_arm. Now _l_istened in joy
The lank _w_olf in the _w_ood and the _w_an raven,
_B_attle-hungry _b_ird, _b_oth knowing well
That the _g_allant people would _g_ive them soon
A _f_east on the _f_ated; now _f_lew on their track
The _d_eadly _d_evourer, the _d_ewy-winged eagle,
_S_inging his war _s_ong, the _s_wart-coated bird,
The _h_orned of beak.
_Judith_, vv. 199-212.
Besides the distinctive meter in which the Old English poems are written,
there are several qualities of style for which they are peculiar. No one
can read a page of these poems without being struck by the parallel
structure that permeates the whole body of Old English verse. Expressions
are changed slightly and repeated from a new point of view, sometimes
with a good effect but quite as often to the detriment of the lines.
These parallelisms have been retained in the translation in so far as it
has been possible, but sometimes the lack of inflectional endings in
English has prevented their literal translation.
Accompanying these parallelisms, and often a part of them, are the
frequent synonyms so characteristic of Old English poetry. These
synonymous expressions are known as "kennings." They are not to be
thought of as occasional metaphors employed at the whim of the poet; they
had, in most cas
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