has been successful
in the schoolroom, as well as in this second examination, he becomes a
permanent teacher, and can be removed only for immorality.

The course in the advanced normal school takes three or more years,
depending upon the preparation with which the candidate enters. Only
those between eighteen and twenty-five can be admitted. These schools
train principals, superintendents, inspectors, and teachers for the
elementary normal schools. They are the model schools of France, and
shape the educational practice of the republic. Graduates from the
elementary normal schools are not debarred from entering the higher
normal schools; thus ambitious teachers are encouraged to prepare
themselves for higher work.

No other country in the world does so much as France to assist young
teachers in their preparation. In all of the normal schools mentioned,
tuition, board, room, and books are free. And when the young teacher has
been graduated, the State recognizes its own work by giving him the
preference in appointments.

There are five classes of teachers in the elementary schools, the lowest
being the fifth. The young graduate teacher begins in the lowest class
and works his way up. The annual salaries for the different classes are
indicated by the following table:--

--------------------+-------------+-----------
CLASSES OF TEACHERS | MEN | WOMEN
--------------------+-------------+-----------
Fifth Class | $200.00 | $200.00
Fourth Class | 240.00 | 240.00
Third Class | 300.00 | 280.00
Second Class | 360.00 | 300.00
First Class | 400.00 | 320.00
--------------------+-------------+-----------

Additional allowances are made in large schools, and the _communes_
often supplement the above amounts.

The annual salaries of principals are as follows:--

-------------+------------+-------------------
| HIGHER |
| PRIMARY | NORMAL SCHOOLS
PRINCIPALS |------------+---------+---------
| Both Sexes | Men | Women
-------------+------------+---------+---------
Fifth Class | $360.00 | $700.00 | $600.00
Fourth Class | 400.00 | 800.00 | 700.00
Third Class | 450.00 | 900.00 | 800.00
Second Class | 500.00 | 1000.00 | 900.00
First Class | 560.00 | 1100.00 | 1000.00
-------------+------------+---------+---------

The assistants in these sch