are appointed by local boards generally for one year, though
they often remain undisturbed year after year. The average monthly
salary of men in 1902 was $49.05, and of women $39.77.

So long as professional training of the teacher guarantees neither
permanence of position nor adequate remuneration, many men and women
with ability to teach will be tempted to devote their energies to other
work, leaving the nation's most sacred trust, the education of its
children, to those who will not or cannot properly prepare themselves
for that great responsibility.

But there is in present tendencies no need for discouragement.
Everywhere brave men and women are preparing themselves in earnest for
the high calling of teacher, hopeful that the future will bring them the
recognition they deserve.

With free schools, abler teachers, consecrated to their calling, and
better courses of instruction; with a people generous in expenditures
for educational purposes, a cooeperation of parents and teachers, and a
willingness to learn from other nations; with the many educational
periodicals, the pedagogical books, and teachers' institutes to broaden
and stimulate the teacher,--the friends of education in America may
labor on, assured that the present century will give abundant fruitage
to the work which has so marvelously prospered in the past.

FOOTNOTES:

[181] In 1836 there was a large surplus in the national treasury, which,
by act of Congress, was ordered "to be deposited with the several
states, in proportion to their representation in Congress." The amount
so distributed equaled about $30,000,000. Most of the states receiving
this deposit set it aside as a permanent school fund. See Boone,
"History of Education in the United States," p. 91.

[182] See an article by M. Stevens on "The National Bureau of
Education," in the _New York School Journal_, Vol. LVI, p. 743, for a
full description of this bureau and its work.

APPENDIX

RECENT EDUCATIONAL MOVEMENTS

=Literature.=--Proceedings of the National Educational Society; Reports
of the Commissioner of Education; Yearbooks of the National Society for
the Scientific Study of Education; Parker Memorial Number of the New
York School Journal, April 5, 1902.

In order to bring the history of education down to the present and
awaken an interest in questions that are now occupying the attention of
educational thinkers, a brief study of recent educational movements,
theori