al school at, 107.

Nitric acid discovered, 145.

Normal schools, in France, 297, 300, 301.
in Germany, 290, 294.
in Massachusetts, 287.
in United States, 314.
La Salle establishes first, 228.
teachers appointed in, 290.

_Novum Organum_, Bacon's, 207.

Obedience, cardinal Chinese virtue, 23.

Object teaching, beginning of, 266.
of Jansenists, 189.
Pestalozzi's, 270.

Occam, leader of scholasticism, 122.

Occupation, a factor in education, 16.

Odessa, catechetical school at, 107.
first Christian common school at, 105.

Olympia, Holy Land of Greece, 55.

Olympiad, basis for computing time, 55.

Olympian games, influence and character of, 54, 55.

Orations of Cicero, 82, 83.

Oratory, ideal of education in Rome, 77, 78, 80.
Quintilian's views regarding, 87.

_Orbis Pictus_, Comenius's first illustrated text-book, 214, 215.

Order of Jesus. See Jesuits.

Oriental civilization, basis of, 89.

Oriental education, aim of, 91.
summary of, 51, 52.

Origen, character of, 110.
education of, 110.
pedagogy of, 110.
service to education, 101.

Orleans, university at, 141.

Ormuzd, principle of light in Persian religion, 39.

Orphan asylum, at Halle, founded, 233, 234.

Oxford, cloister school at, 118.
Locke tutor at, 221.
University of, 131, 141.

Pagan education, conflict with Christian, 111-115.

Pagan literature, opposition to, 94, 113, 115, 120.

Pantaenus, establishes catechetical school, 107.

_Pantagruel_, Rabelais's, 193.

Paper, invented, 148.

_Paradise Lost_, Milton's, 217.

Paris, cloister school at, 118.
university at, 124, 140, 141.

Parker, Colonel, on Horace Mann, 284, 286.

Parliamentary grants for school expenses, 306.

Parochial schools, 139 _n_.

Pascal, leader of Port Royalists, 188.

Pastor, superintendent of German schools, 181.

Paul, services to education, 102.

Paul III., Pope, recognizes Jesuits, 183.

Paulsen, on John Sturm, 175, 176, 177.
on Neander's text-books, 180.

Pedagogium, established by Francke, 234, 236.

Pedagogue, duty of, in Athens, 56, 58.
in Rome, 77.

Pedagogy, begins with history of education, 15.
elevated to dignity of a science, 282.
of Agricola, 158.
of Alfred the Great, 131.
of Aristotle, 66, 67.
of Ascham, 190-192.
of Bacon, 207-209.
of Basedow, 251-256.
of Basil the Great, 106.
of Benedict