e furnished in the school. "Educate the whole child" is the watchword.
The motor activities must be trained as well as the mental activities.
Indeed, the latter cannot attain their proper development without the
former. Hence, manual training has been adopted as a part of the
curriculum.

=Material Improvements.=--A careful study of the ventilation, lighting,
seating, and other hygienic conditions, as well as construction of
school buildings, has characterized recent times. In many places not
only school materials, but also text-books, are furnished free of cost
to the pupil. Physicians are also employed periodically to visit the
schools and examine the children as to the condition of eyes and ears,
as to the prevalence of disease, and as to their general health.
Safeguards are inaugurated to prevent the spread of contagious diseases.
All of these material measures are founded upon the theory that only
under best conditions can the best results be obtained in education, and
therefore it is true economy for the community to furnish these
conditions.

FOOTNOTES:

[183] The membership at the Boston meeting in 1903 was 34,984. This,
however, is far in excess of the average attendance.

[184] See p. 278.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The following works have a bearing upon some phase of the many topics
considered in this book. Most of them have been mentioned in abbreviated
form either in the literature at the beginning of each chapter or in the
footnotes. They are here given with their full titles.

A

ADAMS, FRANCIS. The Free School System of the United States.

ALLEN, W. F. A Short History of the Roman People.

ALLIES. The Monastic Life.
The Formation of Christendom.

ANDREWS, E. B. Brief Institutes of General History.

ARCHER, T. A., and Kingsford, C. L. Crusaders.

ARNOLD, EDWIN. The Light of Asia.

ARNOLD, MATTHEW. Essays in Criticism.

ARNSTAeDT, F. A. Rabelais und sein Traite d'Education.
Fenelon.

ASCHAM, ROGER. The Scholemaster (edited by E. Arber).

AZARIAS, BROTHER. Essays Educational.
Essays Philosophical.
Philosophy of Literature.

B

BALFOUR, GRAHAM. Educational Systems of Great Britain and Ireland

BALLANTINE, H. Midnight Marches through Persia.

BALLOU, M. M. Due West; or, Round the World in Ten Months.
Footprints of Travel.

BARDEEN, C. W. The Orbis Pictus of John Comenius.

BARNARD, HENRY. English Pedagogy.
Pestalozzi and Pestalozzianism.