in Exod., it is very clearly
seen that [Hebrew: ilq], the _licker_, is nothing else than a poetical
epithet of the locusts. It never occurs, indeed, in prose; and this can
be the less accidental, as [Hebrew: gzM], the _gnawer_, is also never
found in prose writings, and [Hebrew: Hsil] only once, in the prayer of
Solomon, 1 Kings viii. 37--as that which it is in reality, as a mere
attribute to [Hebrew: arbh]. That [Hebrew: ilq] has its name from the
eating, is shown by Nah. iii. 15: "The sword shall eat thee up as the
[Hebrew: ilq]." And, in addition to this, we may [Pg 307] further urge,
that the exposition of [Hebrew: arbh] is altogether fictitious, and
contradicted by all the passages;--that the prophet in ii. 25 inverts
the order, and puts the [Hebrew: gzM] last, from which it is certainly
to be safely inferred that the arrangement in i. 4 is not a
chronological one;--that _Credner_ himself, by his being obliged to
grant that [Hebrew: gzM] and [Hebrew: Hsil] do not signify a particular
kind of locusts, raises suspicions against his interpreting the two
other names of particular kinds;--and that if this interpretation
were to be considered as correct, [Hebrew: gzM] and [Hebrew: Hsil]
must denote the locusts as fully grown. But that is by no means the
case. The origin of the name [Hebrew: gzM] is, moreover, clearly
shown by Amos iv. 9: "Your vineyards, your fig-trees, and your
olive-trees,--[Hebrew: hgzM] devours them." As regards the corn, other
divine means of destruction had been mentioned immediately before; the
trees alone then remained for the locusts, and they received a name
corresponding to this special destination, viz., [Hebrew: hgzM], the
_gnawer_.--The verb [Hebrew: Hsl] is, in Deut. xxviii. 38, used of the
devouring of the locusts, and [Hebrew: Hsil] never occurs excepting
where the locusts are viewed in this capacity. (Besides the passages
already quoted, compare Is. xxxiii. 4.)

The following also may be considered. The description of the ravages of
the second brood is, according to _Credner_, to begin in chap. ii. 4.
But the suffix in ver. 4 refers directly to the winged locusts spoken
of in vers. 1-3; and in the verb [Hebrew: **] they are the subject.

And now, every one may judge what value is to be attached to a
hypothesis which has everything against it, and nothing in its favour,
and the essential suppositions of which--such as the departure of the
swarms, their leaving their eggs behind, their d