us Van Gulpen, of Emmerich, produced a
green-coffee grader; and later (1868), in partnership with J.H. Lensing
and Theodore von Gimborn, began the manufacture of coffee-roasting
machines. From this start there developed in Emmerich quite an industry
in coffee-machinery building. In 1870, Alexius Van Gulpen introduced to
the German trade a globular coffee roaster employing wood and coke as
fuel and having perforations and an exhauster. Van Gulpen and von
Gimborn are the two names most often met with in the development of
German coffee-roasting machinery.

The first recorded German patent on a coffee roaster was issued to G.
Tubermann's Son in 1877, for "a coffee burner with vertically adjusted
stirring works." German patents were issued in 1878 to R. Muhlberg, of
Taucha, for coffee roasters with movable partitions and "screw-shaped
declining walls." Six roaster patents were issued to other inventors in
1878-79.

Peter Pearson, of Manchester, took out a German patent on a
coffee-roasting apparatus in 1880. Fleury & Barker, of London, were
granted a coffee-roaster patent in Germany in 1881.

After 1870, Van Gulpen devoted himself to the cylinder type of roaster,
on which he obtained several patents. The partnership between Messrs.
Van Gulpen, Lensing and von Gimborn was dissolved in 1906. They were
succeeded by the Emmericher Maschinenfabrik und Eissengiesserei, and Van
Gulpen & Co. Van Gulpen died in 1920. Among his inventions were a
circular air fan to supply fresh air to the beans while roasting; a
fire-dampening device; roasting and cooling exhausters; and a
"withdrawable" mixer remaining inside the cylinder during the roasting
process, but designed to be withdrawn at the end, discharging the
contents with a jerk into a circular cooler. These improvements are
featured in Van Gulpen & Co.'s latest Meteor machine. They make also the
Typhoon and Comet machines, and a line of globular roasters.

A dozen coffee-roaster patents were issued in Germany in 1880-82. Among
them was one to the Emmerich Machine Factory and Iron Foundry, Van
Gulpen, Lensing & von Gimborn, Emmerich, in 1882.

[Illustration: GERMAN GAS AND COAL ROASTING MACHINES

Left, Perfekt gas roaster--Right, Probat coal roaster]

Numerous coffee-cooling, coffee-grinding, and coffee-making devices were
patented in Germany from 1877 to 1885; among them Newstadt's
coffee-extract machine in 1882, safety attachments, rapid filters,
Vienna coffee makers, etc. T