this was developed the Jumbo roaster,
now used in the Arbuckle plant, which roasts ten thousand pounds an
hour.

_Electric Coffee-Roasting_

In 1903, George C. Lester, of New York, was granted a United States
patent on an electric coffee roaster, that is, a machine to roast by
electric heat. There were two cylinders, the inner being of wire gauze,
and the outer of copper and asbestos. Between the two, four electric
heaters were placed.

There was demonstrated in Germany, in 1906, an electric coffee roaster
employing a number of resistance coils, consisting of strips of Krupp
metal two and one-half mm. thick, five mm. broad, and thirteen and
one-half mm. long, wound on porcelain tubes, which transmitted the heat
to the air within the roasting cylinder. Analysis showed that coffee
electrically roasted contained more substances soluble in water than
that roasted by coke, as well as considerably more material soluble in
ether. This machine was invented by Captain Carl Moegling about 1900.

[Illustration: ONE OF THE FIRST ELECTRIC COFFEE MILLS]

Another electric-fuel-machine patent was granted in the United States to
Robert H. Talbutt, of Baltimore, in 1911. This machine had the electric
heater in the center of the roasting cylinder. An electrically heated
machine called the Ben Franklin was demonstrated in New York in 1918.

In 1919, Everett T. Shortt, Dallas, Tex., was granted a United States
patent on an electrical roaster.

Up to the present writing, no great progress has been made in the United
States with the roasting of coffee by electric heat.

The Phoenix Electrical Heating Co. manufactured, and the Uno Company,
Ltd., of London, marketed an electrically heated roaster as far back as
1909. The machine was not altogether satisfactory, even to the makers;
and the Uno Company is now (1922) experimenting with a new type of
electric roaster which it expects will remedy the defects of the early
machine. The 1909 roaster was made of two concentric cylinders revolving
around a set of fixed heating elements, consisting of a series of
spiral wires held in position on fireproof clay insulators, these wires
being assembled, insulated, and brought out through the fixed center to
a terminal, or a set of terminals, at one end. In this way, no contact
brushes or rings were needed. The machine had a sampling device at one
end which threw out a few berries each time it was operated. It was not
possible to return these sampl