e berries. Such an arrangement appeared
necessary, however, unless one was prepared to have the heating element
on the outside of the machine and to pick up the current by means of
rings or brushes. When the operator became accustomed to the coffee he
was roasting, this was not a matter of great moment, because in England,
at least, the average coffee roaster does not require a testing sample
until he is about ready to turn out and to cool the roast.

[Illustration: ENGLISH ELECTRIC-FUEL ROASTER]

The Uno machine had a capacity of seven pounds, and the time occupied in
roasting was from eight to ten minutes, depending on whether the roaster
had been freshly switched on or had been running for a few minutes. The
wattage was 5,520. The consumption per hundred-weight was under thirteen
units. The makers gave, as the most economical pressure on which to
work, 220 to 240 volts. The machine was operated for eighteen months in
the show window of a London retail grocer.

In 1921, a United States patent was granted to Mark T. Seymour, Stowe,
N.Y., on an electric coffee and peanut roaster, which has the heating
element embedded in a cement-lined cylinder that contains a roasting
cage.

In 1921, Fred J. Kuhlemeir and Ralph J. Quelle, of Burlington, Ia., were
granted a United States patent on a small household coffee roaster
electrically equipped, and roasting by electric heat.

_Other Machinery Patents_

In 1903, Luigi Giacomini, of Florence, Italy, was granted a United
States patent on a process for roasting coffee.

[Illustration: BEN FRANKLIN ELECTRIC COFFEE ROASTER]

In 1905, A.A. Warner, assignor to Landers, Frary & Clark, New Britain,
Conn., was granted two United States patents on a coffee mill.

In 1906, Ludwig Schmidt, assignor to the Essmueller Mill Furnishing
Co., St. Louis, was granted a United States patent on a coffee roaster.
This company and the Reuter-Jones Manufacturing Co., also of St. Louis,
were making machines similar to the original Burns model. The
Reuter-Jones Manufacturing Co., in 1910, brought out a self-contained
gas roaster called the St. Louis, Jr. In 1913, at a receiver's sale,
A.P. Grohens, of the Lambert Machine Co., acquired all the machinery and
patent rights of the Reuter-Jones Manufacturing Company.

In 1904, J.W. Chapman and G.W. Kooman, assignors to Manning, Bowman &
Co., Meriden, Conn., were granted a United States patent on a coffee or
tea pot. The same year, George E. Savage a