er the wire surface, sifting out the fine and discharging the coarse
automatically into the cutter, to be again manipulated until it was fine
enough to pass through the meshes of the screen.

Jabez Burns patented an improved form of his roaster in 1881, and a
sample-coffee roaster in 1883, before he died in 1888; and since that
time his sons, who continue the business, have perfected a number of
improvements and brought out new machines which will be referred to in
chronological order.

James H. Nason, of Franklin, Mass., was granted a United States patent
in 1865 on a percolator with fluid joints.

P.H. Vanderweyde, of Philadelphia, was granted United States patents in
1866 on a percolator and a continuous coffee-filtering machine.

Raparlier was granted a French patent on a pocket coffee-making device
in 1867. In later years, his invention became very popular among French
coffee drinkers. It was one of the early practicable forms of
double-glass-globe filtration devices.

E.B. Manning of Middletown, Conn., was granted his first patent on a tea
and coffee pot in 1868. Others followed in 1870 and 1876. In the latter
year, John Bowman brought out the valve-type percolator which
subsequently attained great favor in American households.

Thomas Smith & Son (Elkington & Company, Ltd., successors) began to
manufacture at Glasgow, Scotland, about 1870, the Napierian vacuum
coffee machine which had been invented in 1840--but never patented--by
Robert Napier of the celebrated firm of Clyde shipbuilders. This machine
makes coffee by distillation and filtration. It employs a metal globe,
and a brewer from which the coffee is syphoned over into the globe
through a tube, around the strainer-end of which, as it rests in the
coffee liquid in the brewer, there is tied a filter cloth. It is still
being manufactured by Elkington & Company.

[Illustration: NAPIER'S VACUUM MACHINE, 1840]

Thomas Page, a New York millwright, began the manufacture of a pull-out
coffee roaster similar to the old Carter machine, in 1868. Later, Chris
Abele, who was foreman in the Page shop, succeeded to the business; and
in 1882, he was granted a United States patent on an improvement on a
coffee roaster similar to the original Burns machine (the patent had
then expired) which he marketed under the name of Knickerbocker.

_German Coffee Machinery_

The Germans first began to show an active interest in coffee machinery
in 1860. In that year, Alexi