highest notes rises upward and
backward against the posterior pharyngeal wall in such a way as almost
entirely to separate the pharyngeal cavities, at the same time that it
gives an unusual conformation to those resonant chambers."

Complete absence of the eyes is a very rare anomaly. Wordsworth
describes a baby of seven weeks, otherwise well formed and healthy,
which had congenital absence of both eyes. The parents of this child
were in every respect healthy. There are some cases of monstrosities
with closed, adherent eyelids and absence of eyes. Holmes reports a
case of congenital absence of both eyes, the child otherwise being
strong and perfect. The child died of cholera infantum. He also reports
a case very similar in a female child of American parents. In a girl of
eight, of German parents, he reports deficiency of the external walls
of each orbit, in addition to great deformity of the side of the head.
He also gives an instance of congenital paralysis of the levator
palpebrae muscles in a child whose vision was perfect and who was
otherwise perfect. Holmes also reports a case of enormous congenital
exophthalmos, in which the right eye protruded from the orbit and was
no longer covered by the cornea. Kinney has an account of a child born
without eyeballs. The delivery was normal, and there was no history of
any maternal impression; the child was otherwise healthy and well
formed.

Landes reports the case of an infant in which both eyes were absent.
There were six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot. The
child lived a few weeks. In some instances of supposed absence of the
eyeball the eye is present but diminutive and in the posterior portion
of the orbit. There are instances of a single orbit with no eyes and
also a single orbit containing two eyes. Again we may have two orbits
with an absence of eyes but the presence of the lacrimal glands, or the
eyes may be present or very imperfectly developed. Mackenzie mentions
cases in which the orbit was more or less completely wanting and a mass
of cellular tissue in each eye.

Cases of living cyclopia, or individuals with one eye in the center of
the forehead after the manner of the mythical Cyclops, are quite rare.
Vallentini in 1884 reports a case of a male cyclopic infant which lived
for seventy-three hours. There were median fissures of the upper lip,
preauricular appendages, oral deformity, and absence of the olfactory
proboscis The fetus was therefo