emilunar fold with the concavity inward, and
which projected much more when the lower lid was depressed. When the
eyelid rolled inward the fold rolled with the globe, but never reached
so far as the circumference of the cornea and did not interfere with
vision.

Total absence of both irides has been seen in a man of eighteen. Dixon
reports a case of total aniridia with excellent sight in a woman of
thirty-seven. In Guy's Hospital there was seen a case of complete
congenital absence of the iris. Hentzschel speaks of a man with
congenital absence of the iris who had five children, three of whom
exhibited the same anomaly while the others were normal. Benson,
Burnett, Demaux, Lawson, Morison, Reuling, Samelson, and others also
report congenital deficiency of the irides in both eyes.

Jeaffreson describes a female of thirty, living in India, who was
affected with complete ossification of the iris. It was immovable and
quite beautiful when seen through the transparent cornea; the sight was
only slightly impaired. No cause was traceable.

Multiple Pupils.--More than one pupil in the eye has often been
noticed, and as many as six have been seen. They may be congenital or
due to some pathologic disturbance after birth. Marcellus Donatus
speaks of two pupils in one eye. Beer, Fritsche, and Heuermann are
among the older writers who have noticed supernumerary pupils. Higgens
in 1885 described a boy whose right iris was perforated by four
pupils,--one above, one to the inner side, one below, and a fourth to
the outer side. The first three were slit-shaped; the fourth was the
largest and had the appearance as of the separation of the iris from
its insertion. There were two pupils in the left eye, both to the outer
side of the iris, one being slit-like and the other resembling the
fourth pupil in the right eye. All six pupils commenced at the
periphery, extended inward, and were of different sizes. The fundus
could be clearly seen through all of the pupils, and there was no
posterior staphyloma nor any choroidal changes. There was a rather high
degree of myopia. This peculiarity was evidently congenital, and no
traces of a central pupil nor marks of a past iritis could be found.
Clinical Sketches a contains quite an extensive article on and several
illustrations of congenital anomalies of the iris.

Double crystalline lenses are sometimes seen. Fritsch and Valisneri
have seen this anomaly and there are modern references to it.