Neugebauer reports eight supernumerary
nipples in one case. Hollerus has seen a woman who had two nipples on
the same breast which gave milk with the same regularity and the same
abundance as the single nipple. The Ephemerides contains a description
of a triple nipple. Barth describes "mamma erratica" on the face in
front of the right ear which enlarged during menstruation.

Cases of deficiency of the nipples have been reported by the
Ephemerides, Lentilius, Severinus, and Werckardus.

Cases of functional male mammae will be discussed in Chapter IX.

Complete absence of the hymen is very rare, if we may accept the
statements of Devilliers, Tardieu, and Brouardel, as they have never
seen an example in the numerous young girls they have examined from a
medico-legal point of view.

Duplication or biperforation of the hymen is also a very rare anomaly
of this membrane. In this instance the hymen generally presents two
lateral orifices, more or less irregular and separated by a membranous
band, which gives the appearance of duplicity. Roze reported from
Strasburg in 1866 a case of this kind, and Delens has observed two
examples of biperforate hymen, which show very well that this
disposition of the membrane is due to a vice of conformation. The first
was in a girl of eleven, in which the membrane was of the usual size
and thickness, but was duplicated on either side. In her sister of nine
the hymen was normally conformed. The second case was in a girl under
treatment by Cornil in 1876 for vaginitis. Her brother had accused a
young man of eighteen of having violated her, and on examination the
hymen showed a biperforate conformation; there were two oval orifices,
their greatest diameter being in the vertical plane; the openings were
situated on each side of the median line, about five mm. apart; the
dividing band did not appear to be cicatricial, but presented the same
roseate coloration as the rest of the hymen. Since this report quite a
number of cases have been recorded.

The different varieties of the hymen will be left to the works on
obstetrics. As has already been observed, labor is frequently seriously
complicated by a persistent and tough hymen.

Deficient vulva may be caused by the persistence of a thick hymen, by
congenital occlusion, or by absolute absence in vulvar structure.
Bartholinus, Borellus, Ephemerides, Julius, Vallisneri, and Baux are
among the older writers who mention this anomaly, but as it is